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Chemical Reactions: Introduction
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Reaction Rates, Catalysis, and Energy: Introduction
WHAT IS A CHEMICAL REACTION?
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<font size="4" face="Verdana,sans-serif">Chemical reactions are going on
everywhere, from deep in the sea to high in the atmosphere. One of the
most active places for chemistry, however, is inside a living organism.
Each of your cells is like a test tube, with countless chemical reactions
happening inside of you right now. In the lab, you might use the flame of
a Bunsen burner to kick start a chemical reaction. However, the heat of a
flame is dangerous to you and me. So, we use food (and ultimately ATP
generated from the chemical energy in food) for fuel instead of the
methane burning in the Bunsen flame.</font>
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<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A chemical
reaction can occur in three different ways: </font>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A chemical
bond is <i>formed</i>. </font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A chemical
bond is <i>broken</i>. </font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">One or
more electrons are transferred between atoms or molecules. </font>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This
activity will allow you to explore reactions in which chemical bonds are <i>formed</i>
and <i>broken</i>. In the model to the left you can observe these types
of reactions. Run the model by pressing the play button <img src="play.gif">.
Make sure you watch long enough in order to see the second kind of
reaction occuring. Answer the question below. </font>
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<font size="4" face="Times,serif"><strong>Which of the following is true
of the reactions you observed in the model above?</strong> (Note: You can
reset the model </font><img src="reset.gif"><font size="4" face="Times,serif"> or
even play it backwards </font><img src="playBackwards.gif"><font size="4" face="Times,serif">.)
</font>
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Chemical reactions can occur without collisions between atoms.
When two unbonded atoms collide with each other they may form a chemical bond.
Bonds can form between any two atoms when they collide, even if they are already bonded to another atom.
Sometimes, when bonded atoms collide with something else, the bond breaks.
The atoms in the model had the same speed throughout the chemical reaction - in other words, the temperature did not change.
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