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Electron Orbitals and Quantum Transitions
Electron Orbitals
Higher Energy Levels and More Orbitals
The ground state of the Hydrogen atom is a sphere. There are many higher energy levels in the Hydrogen atom; each has a set of orbitals associated with it. Sometimes, if the right amount of energy is input, the electron can jump to a high energy obital that has an unusual shape. The excited electron doesn't remain in an excited state for long. The atom, gives off energy while the electron jumps to a lower energy level and occupies a different orbital. Sometimes the energy is given off in two or more jumps before ending in the lowest level, the ground state.
The time an electron spends in an excited state, a higher orbital, can vary depending on which state it is in.
{Insert new models with the different levels and with decay, see image below and attached note.}
GIF of the new Hydrogen Model
The model allows you to send energy to the hydrogen atom.
1. Experiment by clicking the different "zap" buttons to observe the behavior of the atom when energy is added.
5. As you observe, remember electrons require a specific amount of energy, no more or less to jump to a higher level.The electron can later jamp back to lower energy levels. Also, the colors in the model are not real, atoms or orbitals do not have color. The colors help viewers make sense of the shapes and describe what they are observing.
(do we want to ask whether they notice the different amount of time the electrons spend at different orbitals?About patterns if so what patterns?)
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org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon0.93010105<html><body face=Verdana><b>More Experiments with Energy</b></html>-333301
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What is the <i>lowest</i> energy button you can zap the hydrogen atom with and still have the electron make two jumps before ending up in the ground state?
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Click on the patterns you observe when electrons are excited in a Hydrogen
atom.
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The electron always ends up in the ground state.
All zaps result in a change in energy levels
At higher energy levels there are more shapes of orbitals.
Electrons always decay in the same steps.
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org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon0.93010105<html><body face=Verdana><b>Multiple Energy Levels.</b></html>-333301
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What zap button and combination of zap buttons allow you to get the hydrogen atom into the <b>3d</b> (highest)orbital?
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How does this model show conservation of energy?<BR>
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Sometimes you click a zap button, you input energy yet it has "no effect" on that atom. Explain why this energy input has "no effect" on the Hydrogen atom.
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