UTF-8
Types of Bonds: Introduction
255255192
How can neutral atoms attract?
Next page
Previous Page
1
true16
1
org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon4010105<html><body>
<table width="100%" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="center">
<b><font size="5" face="Trebuchet MS">Atomic and Molecular Dipoles</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body></html>-e17507575
org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon40101010<html><body face="Trebuchet MS">
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="50">
<a href="page1.cml">◀</a>
</td>
<td width="50">
<a href="index.cml">◈</a>
</td>
<td width="50">
<a href="page3.cml">▶</a>
</td>
<td>
<table width="90%">
<tr>
<td width="40%" bgcolor="#eeeeaa">
Page 2 of 7
</td>
<td bgcolor="#Ffffdd">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>-243f9a7575
38
1
32
1
org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox
800.0
150.0
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body marginheight="10" marginwidth="10">
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5">Two forces keep everything in
the universe together. Without either, there would be no Solar System, no
Sun and no Earth. One is gravity and it always attracts. The Earth
attracts every rock, person, bird and airplane. For the force of gravity
to be significant, it requires large mass, such as those of the Earth or
the Moon. The other force is electrostatic. As you discovered earlier,
Coulomb’s force can be attractive or repulsive. The stickiness between
molecules is due to electrostatic attraction. </font>
</body>
</html>
false
1
org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon800.0301055<html><body align="center"><strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="rgb(051, 051, 051)">It's all electrostatic...</font></strong></body></html>-645029
1
org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox
400.0
400.0
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<img src="balloon.gif">
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">OK, one can imagine that the
same way charged balloons stick together, atoms stick to each other with
electrostatic attractive force. But if all atoms have electrostatic
attraction, why do they have <b>different</b> stickiness? </font>
<p>
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Perhaps it means that
different atoms have different electrostatic attractions. Will this
explain why water is liquid but air is a gas under the same conditions?
Let's explore this with a model of a mixture of two different types of
atoms and assign them different electrostatic attraction. </font>
</p>
<p>
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">To cool or heat the mixture,
use the buttons below. If you feel like it is time to rain, check the
"allow gravity" box. </font>
</p>
<table width="207" border="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input script="script:mw:1:select atom all; heat 0.3; select atom none;" value="Heat" type="submit" name="Submit">
  <input script="script:mw:1:select atom all; heat -0.3; select atom none;" value="Cool" type="submit" name="Submit2">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
false
org.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainer
page2$0.mmlfalse
1
480.0
org.concord.modeler.PageCheckBox
Allow gravity
Turn on gravity
false
true
org.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel
0
-1
Execute MW script
1
1
org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon800.0301055<html><body align="center"><strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="rgb(051, 051, 051)">Atoms are neutral. If so, how can they attract? </font></strong></body></html>-645029
1
1
org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox
400.0
320.0
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<img src="atomw.gif">
<table border="0">
<tr src="atomw.gif">
<td>
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Well, it is a good
question indeed. All atoms have an equal number of protons and
electrons. The negative charge of all electrons cancels the positive
charge of the protons. Atoms have no electrical charge. They are
neither positive nor negative. They are balanced.</font>
<p>
<font face="Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Still, there is one
interesting detail about the distribution of electrons. The
electron cloud fluctuates, which means the cloud shifts relative
to the nucleus, somewhat like a pendulum, but more random. Start
simulations (to your right) to explore the shifting. What the
"shifting" does a shift do to the balance of charges? Do they
still cancel each other out?</font>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
false
org.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainer
page2$1.mmlfalsenone
1
1
org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon770.0301055<html><body align="center"><strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="rgb(051, 051, 051)">What have we discovered?</font></strong></body></html>-645029
1
1
org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox
770.0
100.0
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body marginheight="5" marginwidth="5">
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5">The electron
cloud of all atoms, even the most balanced, is constantly shifting. Can
this "shifting" make atoms sticky? </font>
</body>
</html>
false
true
1
truepage3.cml
page1.cml
1
truepage1.cml
1
truepage1.cml