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Molecular Geometry: Page 6
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Electron pairs:
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Molecular Geometry:</strong> Predicting Molecular Shapes, part 2</font>
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<td><img src="atomMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Unshared pairs of electrons have an effect on the shape of a molecule.</font></td>
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<img src="atomsBullet.png" width="33" height="23">
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<strong><font color="#a65d2c" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5">Electron
Geometry vs. Molecular Geometry (shape)</font></strong>
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<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<img src="rule.png" width="18" height="6">
</td>
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<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Unshared
pairs of electrons are not seen in a model that shows only atoms and
bonds, because they do not contribute an atom to a molecule's structure. </font>
</p>
<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">But unshared
pairs still repel other electrons, and so they affect the positions of
the molecule's atoms. </font>
</p>
<p>
<b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Explore
the model of monochloramine (NH</font><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><sub>2</sub></font><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Cl,
on the right) using the controls below it. Make sure to try the "trace
geometry" checkbox while viewing the molecule alone, and the electrons
alone.</font></b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
</font>
</p>
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</map>
<strong><sup><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Change
View: </font></sup></strong>
<select script3="script:jmol:1:
echo Electron geometry &|Molecular structure;
select all;
#monitor on;
set measurement dotted;
isosurface on;
select not atomno=5;
wireframe 0.12;
cpk 20%;
select atomno=5;
cpk 1%;" script2="script:jmol:1:
echo Molecular structure
select all;
#monitor off;
isosurface off;
select not atomno=5;
spacefill 20%;
wireframe 0.12;
select atomno=5;
cpk off;" script1="script:jmol:1:
echo Electron geometry
#monitor on;
set measurement 1;
isosurface on;
select all;
cpk 1%;
wireframe off;">
<option>electrons
<option selected>molecule
<option>both
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Notice that
the <b>electron geometry</b> (the arrangement of the electrons) of
monochloramine is different from its <b>molecular geometry</b> (shape). </font>
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<b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Electron
geometry = how the electrons are arranged<br>Molecular geometry = how the
atoms are arranged </font></b>
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<br>
<b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Your
task: </font></b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Using
the controls for the model above, <b>position NH</b></font><b><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><sub>2</sub></font><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Cl
</font></b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so
that you'll be able to annotate a snapshot of it to show the difference
between its electron geometry and its molecular geometry. Then,</font>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">take a
snapshot of your image, and use the annotation button (<img src="countObjects.gif">)
to </font>
<blockquote>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1.
indicate the unshared pair of electrons on the Lewis dot structure,
and<br>2. point out the difference(s) between the electron geometry
and the<br>molecular geometry. </font>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<img src="atomsBullet.png" width="33" height="23">
</td>
<td>
<strong><font color="#a65d2c" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5">Unshared
Pairs and Shape Prediction</font></strong>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<img src="rule.png" width="18" height="6">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Lewis dot
structures of NH<sub>3</sub> and BF<sub>3</sub> are shown at right. They
both have three atoms around the central atom. Will their molecular
geometry (shape) be the same?</font></strong>
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Yes
No
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<b><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">After
clicking Check Answer for the question above, use the models that will
appear next to the question to compare the molecular geometries (shapes)
of NH<sub>3</sub> and BF<sub>3</sub>. Then answer these questions: </font></b>
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<body marginheight="5" bgcolor="rgb(230, 230, 230)" marginwidth="5">
<strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">What is the
effect of the unshared pair of electrons on the shape of NH<sub>3</sub>?<br>Make
sure to check all correct answers.</font></strong>
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true
true
it flattens the molecule so it is planar
it pushes the atoms so the molecule is not planar
it has no effect in this case
it makes the molecular geometry look like a pyramid
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<strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The electron
geometry of </font><font color="#a83922" size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">NH<sub>3</sub></font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
is tetrahedral, but its molecular geometry (shape of the molecule) is not.
Take a guess at the name for the molecular geometry of NH<sub>3</sub>: </font></strong>
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true
tetrahedral
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
linear
tall, dark, and handsome
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