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Molecular Geometry: Page 8
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Molecular Geometry: Getting Into Shape, part 1</font>
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<td><img src="atomMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">You can apply exactly the same concepts about shape to understand the geometry of large molecules.</font></td>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">At room
temperature, some substances are solid, while others are liquid. For
example, butter is solid, and oil is liquid. The shapes of the molecules
in oil and butter give them their physical properties - properties we can
see and feel.</font>
<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Butter and
oil are both made of long, chain-like fat molecules (below) called fatty
acids. However, the shapes of many of the fatty acids in butter and oil
are very different from each other. </font>
</p>
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<img src="butter.gif">
  <img src="oil.jpg">
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Butter is made
mostly of fatty acids with straight chains, but oil has both straight and
"kinked" fatty acids. <b>Use the control panel below the models
to compare the electron pairs around the straight and kinked parts of the
fatty acid carbon chains. Then follow the instructions below the control
panel.</b></font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3"><b>Use
these controls to zoom in and display the electron pairs around the
numbered atoms. </b></font>
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<input name="RadioGroup1" script="script:jmol:1:isosurface on;
script:jmol:2:isosurface on;" value="radio" type="radio">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">electron
pairs on</font>
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<input name="RadioGroup1" script="script:jmol:1:isosurface off;
script:jmol:2:isosurface off;" value="radio" checked="checked" type="radio">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">electron
pairs off</font>
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script:jmol:2:moveto 1.0 { -90 -359 -929 15.4} 203.1 1.0 -14.0 {8.675 6.0565 -0.903} 13.4;" value="radio" type="radio">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">Zoom in</font>
</div>
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<td width="23">
<input name="RadioGroup2" script="script:jmol:1:moveto 1.0 { -33 -790 -612 124.1} 104.0 0.0 0.0 {13.9935 -4.5235 4.9849997} 13.5;
script:jmol:2:moveto 1.0 { -95 -409 -908 13.6} 95.0 0.0 -30.0 {8.675 6.0565 -0.903} 13.4;" value="radio" checked="checked" type="radio">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">Zoom
out</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The same
principles apply in identifying electron and molecular geometry (shape) in
large molecules as in small ones. <b>To identify the geometry of an atom
in a large molecule, use these steps:</b></font>
<blockquote>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><br>
1. Treat one atom at a time as the "central atom".<br>2. Count
the number of electron pairs around it.<br>3. Think about how the
electron pairs will minimize their replusions.<br>4. Decide on the
shape. (If necessary, review the terms for the different shapes.)<br></font>
</blockquote>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>Which numbered
atoms have </strong></font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="maroon" size="4">trigonal
planar geometry?</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"> </font></strong>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>Which numbered
atoms have </strong></font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="maroon" size="4">tetrahedral
geometry?</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"> </font></strong>
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<body marginheight="5" marginwidth="5" bgcolor="rgb(230, 230, 230)">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>Which numbered
atoms have </strong></font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="maroon" size="4">trigonal
pyramidal geometry?</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">
</font></strong>
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