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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Heat and Temperature:</strong> Temperature Scales</font>
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<td><img src="motionMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">How is KE related to degrees? </font></td>
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#5d6b86">What
is Absolute Zero?</font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">It is
impossible to have kinetic energy less than zero. The kinetic energy of
anything is </font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><img src="KE.equation.gif">
</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The mass m
must be positive and the square of v must be positive or zero.
Therefore, the lowest value possible for kinetic energy is zero, and
that happens only when v is zero. In other words, the lowest possible
kinetic energy is zero.</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><quote>
Absolute zero</quote> is the lowest possible temperature, which is when
the kinetic energy of all atoms is zero. </font>
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#5d6b86">The
Kelvin Scale</font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Kelvin
scale was designed to have zero at absolute zero and have 100 degrees
between the freezing and boiling temperatures of water, just like Celsius. </font>
<p>
</p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">It turns out
that absolute zero is –273.15 °C in the Celsius scale. Thus, to convert a
temperature measured in Celsius to a temperature measured in Kelvin, just
add 273.15.</font>
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</p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ice melts at
273.15 °K and water boils at 373.15 °K.</font>
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#5d6b86">The
unit: eV</font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In SAM, we use
electron-volts (eV) to measure the energy of atoms. The average KE of an
atom at room temperature (25 °C) is about 1/40 of an eV. It would be
perfectly correct to say that room temperature is 1/40 eV, but only a few
scientists would understand you!</font>
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#5d6b86">Think
about it:</font></strong>
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<img height="6" src="rule.png" width="18">
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Tungsten melts
at 3695 °K. What is this in Celsius? </font>
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3422 °C
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Oxygen boils
at –183 °C. What is this in degrees Kelvin? </font>
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90°K
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