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Heat and Temperature: Temperature Scales
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Heat and Temperature:</strong> Temperature Scales</font>
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<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">How is KE related to degrees? </font></td>
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<strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#5d6b86">What
is Absolute Zero?</font></strong>
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It is impossible to have kinetic energy less than zero. The kinetic energy
of anything is <b>½∙<i>m</i>∙<i>v</i>²</b>.
<p>
The mass <i>m</i> must be positive and the square of <i>v</i> must be
positive or zero. Therefore, the lowest value possible for kinetic
energy is zero, and that happens only when <i>v</i>=0. In other words,
the lowest possible kinetic energy is zero.
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><quote>
Absolute zero</quote> is the lowest possible temperature, which is when
the kinetic energy of all atoms is zero. </font>
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<strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#5d6b86">The
Kelvin Scale</font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Kelvin
scale was designed to have zero at absolute zero and have 100 degrees
between the freezing and boiling temperatures of water, just like Celsius. </font>
<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">It turns out
that absolute zero is –273.15 °C in the Celsius scale. Thus, to convert
a temperature measured in Celsius to a temperature measured in Kelvin,
just add 273.15.</font>
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<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ice melts at
273.15 °K and water boils at 373.15 °K.</font>
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<strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#5d6b86">The
unit: eV</font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In SAM, we use
electron-volts (eV) to measure the energy of atoms. The average kinetic
energy of an atom at room temperature (25 °C) is about 1/40 of an eV. It
would be perfectly correct to say that room temperature is 1/40 eV, but
only a few scientists would understand you!</font>
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<strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#5d6b86">Think
about it:</font></strong>
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<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Tungsten melts
at 3695 °K. What is this in Celsius?</font></strong>
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<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Oxygen boils at
–183 °C. What is this in degrees Kelvin?</font></strong>
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