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What happens when many identical atoms interact?
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>What happens when many identical atoms interact?</strong></font>
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<td><img src="lightMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">You have seen that a single atom can emit photons of more than one frequency. Each kind of photon is emitted when the atom makes a transition from a particular initial state to a particular final state. The frequency of the photon is proportional to <b>the difference in energy of the initial and the final state</b>.</font></td>
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<font size="5" color="#a65d2c" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Atoms
can be excited by heating them </strong></font>
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The model below has 11 identical atoms in it. When you run it notice the
little red "thermometer" thingie in the upper right corner. This measures
the temperature of the atoms. If you click on the red arrow you will heat
them up; the blue arrow cools them down.
<p>
Heat up the model until the atoms are crashing into each other really
hard. When you get enough energy into the system the atoms will begin to
use some of that energy to go into excited states, and when they do that
they will start to emt photons.
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Run the model and pay attention to the circles on the energy level
diagram. Notice how the energy level diagram changes when a photon is
emitted.
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<input value="Hint" type="submit" script="script:page:0:message <t><font face=Verdana>It may be helpful to stop the model and run the movie frame by frame<br>backwards and forwards to study particular emission events.</font></t>" alt="tooltip" name="button">
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Green atoms energy levels
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<p>
Each circle on the energy level diagram represents a particular atom. At
first all the circles on the bottom line because all the atoms are in
the ground state. As more and more atoms get excited the energy level
diagram shows more and more circles on the excited states. Every time a
photon is emitted, one of those circles moves from an upper state to a
lower state.
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<input value="Hint" type="submit" script="script:page:0:message <t><font face=Verdana>You can also drag the circles from one state to another, as you did before<br>when there was only one atom. This comes in handy when you're trying<br>to study an atom in a particular excited state.</font></t>" alt="tooltip" name="button">
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Did you notice that if you leave the model alone for a minute or so the
atoms start to cool down, even though you're not doing anything? What's up
with that? Isn't energy conserved?
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In the box below explain why you think the atoms start to move more
slowly as the model runs.
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Because the photons take away energy.
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Why don't the atoms keep on slowing down until they stop moving altogether?
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They cool down until they no longer have enough energy to reach the lowest excited state. After that they no longer emit photons so thay don't lose energy.
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