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Newton's Laws at the Atomic Level: The motion of one atom.
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Newton's Laws at the Atomic Level:</strong> The motion of one atom.</font>
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<td><img src="atomMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Brown's observations included trillions of atoms at once. To understand why his pollen particles, seemed to disobey Newton’s law, we need to observe only one atom. Do single atoms obey <a href="script:page:0:message newtonsLaws.html">Newton's laws</a>?</font></td>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Newton's
first law states that an object will not change velocity unless a
force is applied to the object. </font>
<p>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Velocity
can change in two ways: a change in the direction of motion or a
change in the speed of the object. Often a velocity vector (an
arrow) is used to indicate both direction (the way the arrow
points) and speed (the length of the arrow).</font>
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<img width="287" height="131" src="velocityChangeFlat.png" style="margin-left: 10">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">To the right
is a model of one single atom showing the atom's current velocity with a
red arrow. Run the model <img width="7" src="play.gif" height="12"> and
try the following: </font>
<ol>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Let the
atom move without applying any force to it.</font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">While
running, apply a force by using the arrow keys. </font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Get the
atom to change velocity by changing direction.</font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Get the
atoms to change velocity by only changing its speed but keeping the
direction of the atom constant.</font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Keep the
atom from hitting the edges of the container. </font>
</li>
<li>
<font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="script:mw:1:load walls.mml; set atom[0].rx rand()*(%width-%width/2)+%width/4; set atom[0].ry rand()*(%height-%height/2)+%height/4; set atom[0].vx 2000; set atom[0].vy -2000+rand()*4000; if (rand() < 0.5); set atom[0].vx %atom[0].vx*-1; endif;">Load
a model that will cause the atom to bounce off of the walls of the
container</a>, and then try this challenge: <strong>Can you get the
atom to completely stop moving?<br><br></strong></font><em>Note: If
the arrow keys don't seem to be working, click the mouse inside the
model and try again. </em>
</li>
</ol>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>Does a single
atom obey <a href="script:page:0:message newtonsLaws.html">Newton's laws</a>?
Why or why not?</strong></font>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>If you don’t
apply any force to the atom, what is true of its velocity:</strong></font>
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The atom slows down over time.
The atom speeds up over time.
The atom maintains the same speed over time.
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