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Heat and Temperature: Heat Conduction
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Choose a heat conductor through which heat flows from the hot solid to the cold one
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Heat and Temperature:</strong> Heat Conduction</font>
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<td><img src="motionMainIdea.png" width="98" height="58"></td>
<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">On page 5, you have learned that heat flows from hot objects to cold objects when they come into contact. This process of heat transfer involves giving kinetic energy from atoms that have higher kinetic energy to those that have lower kinetic energy. We call it <b>heat conduction</b>, and any substance that facilitates it <b>heat conductor</b>.</font></td>
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#5d6b86" size="5">Experimenting
with different heat conductors</font></strong>
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In the model below you can select different substances of different shapes
between a hot and cold solid. Heat flows through the substance in the
middle until thermal equilibrium is reached. A graph is used to show the
change of temperature of the two solids. When the temperature becomes
equal, heat flow stops.
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We can deduce from the fact that the thick bars in the above
experiment do a better job in transferring heat that the surface
area of contact matters. By enlarging the contact area, we can
increase the rate of heat flow. This is basically the principle of <b>heat
exchanger</b> (see the image on the right).<br><br>Heat conduction
involves the interactions between atoms. At the microscopic level,
when an atom with higher kinetic energy collide with an atom with
lower kinetic energy, the latter often speeds up at the expense of
slowing down the former, as described by Newton's Law. Heat
conduction at the macroscopic level is the sum of numerous such
microscopic effects resulting from interactions between atoms.
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<img height="241" src="heatexchanger.gif" width="259">
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<p>
On the next page, we will learn about another mechanism of heat transfer
that does not need to happen through the interactions of atoms.
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<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Which one in
the above results in the </font><font color="red" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">fastest</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">
heat transfer between the hot and cold solid?</font></strong>
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Sponge
Thick short bar
Thin short bar
Thick long bar
Thin long bar
Gas
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>What do you
conclude about how area and distance affect heat conduction. How well does
a gas conduct? Be sure to refer to your data.</strong></font>
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