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DNA, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations: How mutations work.
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>DNA, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations:</strong> How mutations work.</font>
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<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><b>What is a mutation?</b></font>
<font face="sans">A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Germline
mutations, which affect reproductive cells, can be passed on to
offspring. Somatic mutations, which affect other cells, cannot be passed
on. </font></td>
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<b>What causes mutations?</b> </font>
<p>
<font face="sans">DNA can be damaged by radiation or certain chemicals.
Errors in the DNA replication process can also cause mutations. </font>
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<font face="sans"><br>
<b>What are the different types of mutations?</b> </font>
<ul>
<li>
<font face="sans"><b>Substitution</b> mutations <u>replace</u> one
nucleotide with another.<br>For example, changing ATCG to AT</font><font color="red" face="sans">A</font><font face="sans">G.
</font>
</li>
<font face="sans"><br>
</font>
<li>
<font face="sans"><b>Insertion</b> mutations <u>add</u> nucleotides
into the sequence.<br>For example, changing ATCG to AT</font><font color="red" face="sans">G</font><font face="sans">CG.
</font>
</li>
<font face="sans"><br>
</font>
<li>
<font face="sans"><b>Deletion</b> mutations <u>remove</u> nucleotides
from the sequence.<br>For example, changing ATCG to ACG. </font>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<font face="sans">In this part of the activity you will get a chance to
make these different types of mutations.</font>
</p>
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