UTF-8Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: Dynamic equilibrium.244245239111org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<p class="pagetitle"><strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> Dynamic equilibrium.</p>
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false11org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.085101015<html>
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<td><p class="mainIdea">What is equilibrium and how does it relate to diffusion?</p></td>
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<p class="firstp">
Nature always tends to move toward equilibrium. It's a state of balance
where energy is minimized and concentrations remain constant.
Equilibrium at the atomic level is dynamic, with atoms and molecules in
continual motion. In the diffusion model below you can set up various
situations such that the concentrations inside and outside of the cell
are either out of equilibrium or in equilibrium.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Try some different combinations and see if you can tell when the
model reaches equilibrium.</strong> (Hint: You may need to wait for a
few minutes, and use the graphs to help you know when equilibrium has
been reached.)
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</body></html>-9265841org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon23.025055<html></html>-926584org.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainerpage3$0.mmlfalsefalsenoneorg.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon35.025055<html></html>-926584org.concord.modeler.PageBarGraphChannel 020250false510false-1d0a01-5c911900.0120.00.0org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon15.025055<html></html>-926584org.concord.modeler.PageBarGraphChannel 120250false510false-1d0a01-10000.0120.00.0org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon50.025055<html></html>-926584org.concord.modeler.PageBarGraphChannel 220250false510false-b2021-5c911900.0120.00.0org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon15.025055<html></html>-926584org.concord.modeler.PageBarGraphChannel 320250false510false-b2021-10000.0120.00.0org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon32.025055<html></html>-92658481org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.01005510<html> <head>
<link href="bioStyles.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style1 {font-size: 10px}
-->
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<table style="width:730" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td align="right">CO<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left 0;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %low;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %high;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td align="right">CO<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right 0;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %low;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %high;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td style="width:155px" rowspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" name="button" id="button" value="run"
script="script:mw2d:1:minimize 1 10; set temperature %startTemp; run;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 false; enablecomponent 3 true; enablecomponent 0 false; enablecomponent 1 false; enablecomponent 5 false; enablecomponent 6 false;">
<input type="submit" name="button2" id="button2" value="stop"
script="script:mw2d:1:stop; set action MARK_ID;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false;">
<br>
<input type="submit" name="button3" id="button3" value="reset"
script="script:mw2d:1:reset;
// add left carbon dioxide
define %currentNum 0;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add left oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add right carbon dioxide
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
// add right oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
set action MARK_ID;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false; enablecomponent 0 true; enablecomponent 1 true; enablecomponent 5 true; enablecomponent 6 true;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">O<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %low;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %high;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td align="right">O<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %low;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %high;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" align="center"><span class="style1">You can drag the mouse over one or more molecules to mark them with a special color.</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body></html>-9265848810.01org.concord.modeler.PageButtonTake a snapshot of the model aboveorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Take a snapshot88.01org.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4371180<html>
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<p class="question">
What is true of the concentrations when equilibrium has been reached?
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trueThey will be higher inside the cell.They will be higher outside of the cell.They will reach a minimum inside and outside.They will be the same inside and outside.3-373738Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4371180<html>
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<p class="question">
What is true of the rate at which molecules move into and out of the
cell at equilibrium?
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trueMore move into the cell than out of it.More move out of the cell than into it.Equal amounts move into and out of the cell.They move randomly, so the amount is not predictable.2-373738Line8.01org.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion371300<html>
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<p class="question">
Set up the model so that it is <font color="#b7282b">NOT in equilibrium</font>.
Then use the "snapshot" button below the model to take a picture of your
setup. The use the "open" button below to place that image here.
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falseLineorg.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion371300<html>
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<p class="question">
Set up the model so that it is <font color="#b7282b">IN equilibrium</font>.
Then use the "snapshot" button below the model to take a picture of your
setup. The use the "open" button below to place that image here.
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