UTF-8Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: Net flow from high to low.244245239111org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<p class="pagetitle"><strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> Net flow from high to low.</p>
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false11org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.085101015<html>
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<td><p class="mainIdea">How does concentration affect the overall flow of ions and molecules into and out of a cell?</p></td>
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In a process called respiration, almost all cells use oxygen to
generate energy through chemical reactions with simple sugars like
glucose. A waste product of this reaction is carbon dioxide. So, it
is very important to understand how oxygen and carbon dioxide get
into and out of cells.
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<img src="membraneZoom.png" height="105" width="208">
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Below is a model which is divided in half by a cell membrane. On
the left is the liquid outside of the cell, and on the right is
the liquid inside of the cell. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are two
of the few molecules that can pass readily through a cell
membrane. <strong>Use the model below to experiment with how
concentration will affect the overall movement of substances into
or out of a cell.</strong>
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<td align="right">CO<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left 0;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %low;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %high;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td align="right">CO<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right 0;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %low;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %high;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td style="width:155px" rowspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" name="button" id="button" value="run"
script="script:mw2d:1:minimize 1 10; set temperature %startTemp; run;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 false; enablecomponent 3 true; enablecomponent 0 false; enablecomponent 1 false; enablecomponent 5 false; enablecomponent 6 false;">
<input type="submit" name="button2" id="button2" value="stop"
script="script:mw2d:1:stop; set action MARK_ID;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false;">
<br>
<input type="submit" name="button3" id="button3" value="reset"
script="script:mw2d:1:reset;
// add left carbon dioxide
define %currentNum 0;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add left oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add right carbon dioxide
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
// add right oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
set action MARK_ID;"
selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false; enablecomponent 0 true; enablecomponent 1 true; enablecomponent 5 true; enablecomponent 6 true;"> </td>
</tr>
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<td align="right">O<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %low;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %high;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
<td align="right">O<sub>2</sub> concentration</td>
<td> <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu"
script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;"
selfscript1="//do nothing"
script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %low;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;"
script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %high;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;"
selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;">
<option>none</option>
<option>low</option>
<option>high</option>
</select> </td>
</tr>
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<td colspan="5" align="center"><span class="style1">When the model is stopped, you can drag the mouse over one or more molecules to highlight them.</span></td>
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</table>
</body></html>-926584888.01org.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue3391300<html>
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<p class="question">
Set up the model so that there is a high concentration of something
outside and a low concentration of that same thing inside. What are the
chances that a molecule will move into or out of the cell?
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true<html>There is a greater chance that a molecule will move from the lower concentrated area to the higher concentrated area.</html><html>There is a greater chance that a molecule will move from the higher concentrated area to the lower concentrated area.</html><html>There is a equal chance that a molecule will move in either direction.</html>1-373738Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4351300<html>
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Describe the flow of molecules when there is an area of high and low
concentration.
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true<html>Molecules move from the side with high concentration to low concentration.</html><html>Molecules move from the side with low concentration to high concentration.</html><html>Both a and b, but there is a greater flow from high to low concentration than low to high concentration.</html><html>The flow will be equal in both directions regardless of the starting concentrations.</html>2-373738Line81org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox750.032.0<html>
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