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Chemical Bonds: Extending predictions to larger molecules.
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Chemical Bonds:</strong> Extending predictions to larger molecules.</font>
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<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Polarity of single bonds within larger molecules can make the entire molecule polar or non-polar. By studying how pairs of atoms bond together it can help you to design more complex molecules with specific properties.</font></td>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Below
are two molecules. The one on the left is made by bonding carbon to
carbon (C-C) and carbon to hydrogen (C-H). The electronegativity
difference in both of these bonding pairs (C - C = 0 and
C - H = 0.45) falls into the non-polar range. Because all the bonds
in pentane are non-polar, pentane is non-polar. The only difference
in </font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1-pentanol
is that an oxygen is added. However, this causes two new bonding
pairs: oxygen-carbon and oxygen-hydrogen. The electronegativity
difference here causes the bonds to be polar (O - C = 0.89 and
O - H = 1.34), so the molecule is considered to be polar. </font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">The
proteins in your body are made by linking up 20 different kinds of
amino acids to form very large molecules. The functions these
proteins perform are largely determined by the polar or non-polar
nature of the <a href="script:page:0:message sidechains.html">sidechains</a>
on each amino acid in the protein. To the right are two of the 20
amino acids.</font>
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<img src="phenylalanine.gif" height="170" width="250">
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4" color="#990000">Use
the snapshot button below each of the two example amino acids and circle
any polar bonds you find in sidechain part of each amino acid using the
"circle" annotation tool <img src="circleAnnotation.gif" height="12" width="16">.</font></strong>
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Place your image of glutamine here showing all polar bonds circled (if
any):
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Place your image of phenylalanine here showing all polar bonds circled
(if any):
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<strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Which amino
acid would be good to use in the part of a protein that spans a cell
membrane? Non-polar amino acids work best inside of membranes.</font></strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
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glutamine
phenylalanine
either would work well
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<strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Explain why you
made that choice.</font></strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
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