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Plasmas: Introduction
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<strong><font size="5" color="white">Plasmas:</font></strong><font size="5" color="white">
Introduction</font>
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<b>What <i>on earth</i> is plasma?</b>
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Considering <b>greater than 99% of the visible mass in the universe
is plasma</b>, perhaps a better question is <i>What in the universe
is plasma?</i> Plasma comprises the primary component of stars.
Solar wind is a plasma. Here on Earth, both fluorescent and neon
lighting sources utilize plasma technology, and in the future,
plasma will likely play a vital role if nuclear fusion becomes a
viable alternative energy source. What do the plasmas in each of
these examples have in common? For that matter, what do all plasmas
have in common? Since plasmas have been called the <b>fourth state
of matter</b>, we'll answer that question by reviewing the three
states you are familiar with: solid, liquid, and gas.
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<img height="155" width="230" src="light.png">
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<font size="1">Compact fluorescent light bulbs (on left in photo)
have</font>
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<font size="1">become popular in recent years and are replacing </font>
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<font size="1">incandescent light bulbs (on right) in many homes.</font>
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<b><font size="5" color="#5c7b67">Defining plasma</font></b>
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1. Click <input type="submit" name="Execute MW script" script="script:mw:1:run" value="Run">
and observe the motion of the particles (scroll down if you can't
see particles).
<p>
2. <input type="submit" name="Execute MW script" script="script:mw:1:snapshot" value="Take a snapshot">
and label it "solid".
</p>
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3. Now grab the temperature slider and increase the temperature a
few tick marks (no more than four). Observe, then take a snapshot
and label it "liquid".
</p>
<p>
4. Continue to increase the temperature until you reach what you
believe is a gas (hint: be careful not to go too far and reach the
fourth state of matter, plasma). Click on <input type="submit" name="Submit2" script="script:mw:1:message <t>If you have two types of particles that persist, the larger one you started with and a newly formed smaller one, you've gone too far and reached plasma!<br> You'll need to reduce the temperature to reform a gas.</t>;" value="Hint">
if you need an additional hint. Take a snapshot and label it "gas".
</p>
<p>
5. Slowly increase the temperature until you reach maximum. You
now have plasma! Notice there are now two distinct particles which
persist. Can you identify the two particles? If you need a hint,
click <input type="submit" name="Execute MW script" script="script:mw:1:select atom all; show charge" value="Show charge">.
</p>
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6. Take a snapshot of this fourth state of matter, and label it
"plasma" and describe the motion, arrangement, and any other
characteristics you observe about the particles.
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<strong>Which of the following best describes <i>plasma</i>?</strong>
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<html>neutral particles which move freely
<html>rigid positive ions surrounded by freely moving electrons
<html>freely moving positive ions mixed with freely moving electrons
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<strong>Which of the following best describes the amount of energy
required to form a plasma?</strong>
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<html>about the same required for other states of matter under similar conditions
<html>slightly more than other states of matter under similar conditions
<html>considerably more than other states of matter under similar conditions
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