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Atomic Structure: Electrons around the nucleus - old and new models.
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<font color="#FFFFFF" size="7" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Building
Atoms</strong> </font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The
following Molecular Workbench activities explore subatomic particles
and the stability of atoms. <strong>You will be creating a report on
the last page that records your answers to all of the questions. </strong><a href="script:page:0:message Acknowledgments.html">Acknowledgments</a></font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">You
probably have a simple idea of what atoms look like, with protons,
neutrons, and electrons. As we deepen our understanding of
Chemistry, we must modify our model of the atom to explain more
accurate observations of how atoms behave.</font>
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<font color="#a65d2c" size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Improving
the Atomic Model</strong></font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">For many of
you the model you know is the Bohr Model (see right). This model
describes a nucleus made</font> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">from
</font><font color="#CC0000" size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>positive
protons</strong></font><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
and <img src="neutralNeutrons.png" width="132" height="14">, while </font><font color="#0066FF" size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>negative
electrons</strong></font><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun.</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="script:textbox:3:load noBohr.html">The
The Bohr model is too simple to explain more advanced observations.</a> </font>
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<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Work
stemming from Erwin Schrodinger in 1925 paved the way for a more
complete understanding of the atom. The nucleus is the same as in the
Bohr model, but the electrons behave very differently. </font>
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<p>
<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Instead of
saying that electrons orbit at a particular distance from the nucleus,
the best we can do is describe where you would likely find the electron
if you were to look. <strong>The region of space where you are likely to
find an electron around the nucleus is called an orbital.</strong> That
region of likely electron location is indicated by the intensity of the
blue color seen in the Orbital Model (see right). We will go into more
depth about this later. </font>
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<font color="#a65d2c" size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Atomic
Orbitals: Electron Probability</strong></font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Schrodinger's
famous equations described the likelihood that you would find an electron
in any particular location around the nucleus. To better understand this
let's consider an analogous situation. Imagine walking up to a well used
dart board. There will be a small hole each place where a dart landed. The
pattern would probably look something like what you see on the left. Use
the checkbox below to highlight the blue dots, showing the pattern of
where darts hit the board.</font><br><br>
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<input script_selected="script:textbox:5:load dartBoardPattern.html" script_deselected="script:textbox:5:load dartBoard.html" value="checkbox" name="checkbox" type="checkbox">
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<strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">highlight
where darts hit the board </font></strong>
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<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Now imagine
that some random person walks up and throws one dart at the board. Based
on the pattern of holes you've seen from previous players, where will this
dart most likely land?</strong></font> <font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="script:page:0:message darts.html">hint</a></font>
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There is no way to tell.
Close to the center of the board.
Out toward the edge of the board.
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<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Explain the
reasoning behind your prediction:</strong></font>
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