UTF-8Plasmas in Electric Fields2442452391org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<strong><font color="white" size="5">Plasmas:</font></strong><font color="white" size="5">
Plasmas in Electric Fields</font>
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<b>What you're about to learn about plasmas might shock you!</b>
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You've probably heard of Benjamin Franklin's famous kite experiment
in which he proved that lightning was a form of electricity. So much
electricity, in fact, that in 2008 the U.S. had 28 lightning
fatalities. Have you ever considered exactly what Franklin's
discovery means about the nature of lightning? Exactly what is it
about the composition of lightning that distinquishes it from
ordinary gases in air. Two things we observed on the previous page
were that gases and plasmas are similar in that both have freely
moving particles, but different in that only <b>plasmas have freely
moving <font color="red">charged</font> particles</b>. On this page,
we'll investigate this difference.
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<img src="lightning.png" height="155" width="230">
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<font size="1">Lightning produces plasma. The temperature of
lightning can reach 30,000 K. This is five times higher than the
surface temperature of the Sun.</font>
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<b><font color="#5c7b67" size="5">Conductivity of plasmas </font></b>
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The model container below contains an electric field capable of
supporting an electric current.
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1. Click <input value="Run" name="Execute MW script" script="script:mw:1:run" type="submit">.
Identify the state of matter present.<input value="Check answer" name="Submit2" script="script:mw:1:message <t>This is a gas because it contains uncharged freely moving particles that assume the volume of the containter.</t>;" type="submit">
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2. Now slowly increase the temperature several tick marks at a
time until reaching maximum, making observations of particle
composition (Are there one or two types of particles?), particle
movement (Does it tend to be random or directional?), and current
(measured by the ammeter) at each interval.
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3. What state of matter exists at maximum temperature? <input value="Check answer" name="Submit2" script="script:mw:1:message <t>This is plasma because the freely moving particles are now charged.<br> The smaller particles are negative electrons and the larger particles <br> are positive cations.</t>;" type="submit">
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4. Do you notice any general direction in the movement of
electrons? If it helps, click <input value="Hide all particles except one electron" name="Execute MW script" script="script:mw:1:select atom 1-100; set visible off" type="submit">
and pay special attention to the movement of the electron at times
when it is liberated from the parent atom.
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false11org.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainerpage2$0.mmlfalsefalseorg.concord.modeler.PageGaugeorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Channel 0Ammeter30.05280200true1020true0.01.00.0375004671514034311org.concord.modeler.PageButtonStop model10024Noneorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonReset model10024Noneorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageSliderorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel03200.02000.022000.050Temperature40070falsetrue{value="2000.0", label="Cold"}{value="22000.0", label="Hot"}Temperature1org.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4371190<html>
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<strong>Which of the following best describes gases and plasmas in an
electric field?</strong>
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true<html>gases conduct; particles are signficantly influenced<html>gases do not conduct; particles completely unaffected<html>plasmas conduct; particles are significantly influenced<html>plasmas do not conduct; particles completely unaffected2-373738Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageTextBox371.0190.0falseLine11org.concord.modeler.PageTextArea372200<html>
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<strong>Explain how you think a lightning strike impacts the molecules in
the air.</strong>
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