UTF-8Lipids and Carbohydrates: Structure and Properties of Lipids244245239
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<strong>Lipids and Carbohydrates:</strong> Structure and Properties of
Lipids
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<p class="mainidea">
Lipids are broadly defined as any molecule that can dissolve in
fat. Do all lipids have the same properties? On the next few pages
you will explore models to help answer this question.
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<p class="subhead">
A special class of lipids - phospholipids
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<p class="firstp">
In Roman mythology, Janus (pictured on the right) is a deity with
two faces—one for enemies and the other for friends. When
scientists examined a more complex lipid type called a fatty acid,
they found a similarity to the two-faced deity.<br><br>Fatty acids
are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (like the
hydrocarbons on previous pages) to which a carboxyl group is
attached. The hydrocarbon and the carboxyl group are like the two
faces of Janus - they face opposite directions, and interact with
two different types of other molecules, polar and non-polar. Let's
find out why. <b>What to do: </b>Use the controls to compare the
fatty acid and the hydrocarbon.
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<img src="janus.gif">
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false1org.concord.modeler.PageButtonPlay movieplay a movie highlighting the carboxyl groupfalseorg.concord.modeler.PageJContainer0Execute native scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonheadshow a surface around the fatty acid headfalseorg.concord.modeler.PageJContainer0Execute native scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtontailshow the fatty acid tailfalseorg.concord.modeler.PageJContainer0Execute native scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonresetfalseorg.concord.modeler.PageJContainer0Execute native scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageTextBox430.020.0<html>
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<p class="question">
What can you tell about the properties of the fatty acid from observing
it? Check all that apply.
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trueThe tail is hydrophobic (excluded from water)The head is hydrophobic (excluded from water)The head is hydrophilic (attracted to water)The tail is hydrophilic (attracted to water)The fatty acid is non-polarThe fatty acid has a polar region0 2 5-373738Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageTextArea372250<html>
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<p class="question">
Compare the structure and the polarity of the fatty acid to the
hydrocarbon.
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<p class="subhead">
Fatty acids at a water-oil interface
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<p class="firstp">
In the model to the right, the upper yellow part is oil, and the lower
blue part is water. The pictogram of the head and jiggly tail as follows
represents a fatty acid.<br><br>
</p>
<center>
<img src="reduce1.png">
</center>
<br>
<br>
⊚ Use the <img src="select.gif"> tool to click on each fatty acid
and move it to different locations in the model container. Or use the <img src="rotate.gif">
tool to rotate the molecule. To rotate, click on the molecule and then
drag the "handle."<br>⊚ Run the model.<br>⊚ Stop the model
and set up three different intial conditions (such as move all the fatty
acids into the water region).<br>⊚ Answer the questions below.
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<p class="question">
Explain why the tails are located in the oil and the heads in the water.
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Why are fatty acids compared to the two-faced deity Janus?
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true<html>Greeks used a lot of fatty acids.<html>The molecules have distinct surfaces resemembling a human face.<html>These molecules have negatively and positively charged poles.<html>The molecules have hydrogen and carbon atoms connected together.2-373738Line111org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox750.030.0<html>
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Micelles
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<p class="firstp">
In the model on the right, some fatty acids are placed in water
initially.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Use <img src="select.gif"> to move, or <img src="rotate.gif"> to
rotate the lipids.
</li>
<li>
Run the model for a minute.
</li>
<li>
Take a snapshot of the structure they form.
</li>
<li>
Select the second radio button below to change the solvent to oil and
run the model for a a minute.
</li>
<li>
Take another snapshot of the structure they form.
</li>
</ul>
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falseorg.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainerpage5$1.mmlfalsetrue11org.concord.modeler.PageRadioButtonWatertrueorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel11216300656152Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageRadioButtonOilorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel11216300656152Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonTake a snapshotfalseorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel1Take a snapshot1255 0 01org.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion372300<html>
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<p class="question">
Take a snapshot of the lipid structure in water. Drag the snapshot into
the box below.
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<p class="question">
Take a snapshot of the lipid structure in oil. Drag the snapshot into
the box below.
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<p class="question">
Have you ever observed beads of oil on the surface of soup? Explain how
this model can help explain the occurrence of those beads.
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