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Introduction to Macromolecules: Page 1
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<strong>Introduction to Macromolecules:</strong> The Four Families
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There are four types of biological macromolecules that make up and
play the most critical roles in living cells -- lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA). What
are macromolecules and what do they do?
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All cells, organs and tissues of living organisms are built of
molecules. Some of them are small, made from only a few atoms. Some are
hundreds, thousands or even millions of atoms in size - they are
referred to as <b>biological macromolecules</b>.
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<p>
Each type of macromolecule plays several important roles in living
organisms:
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<ul>
<li>
<strong><font color="#00aa00">proteins</font></strong>: help form many
cell structures, act as enzymes and molecular machines
</li>
<li>
<strong><font color="#00aa00">nucleic acids:</font></strong> store
information - make up the genes that carry our traits form generation
to generation
</li>
<li>
<strong><font color="#00aa00">lipids:</font></strong> store and
provide energy, form membranes of cells and compartments inside cells
</li>
<li>
<strong><font color="#00aa00">carbohydrates:</font></strong> store and
provide energy, help form strong cell walls in plants
</li>
</ul>
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Macromolecules: How big is big?
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<p class="firstp">
Macromolecules are the largest individual molecules in a cell. But
how big is a macromolecule?
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<p>
Learn about the size of molecules compared to everything else.
Take a trip from the Milky Way all the way down to the molecular
level. Each step in the sequence is expressed as a power of ten,
and represents a ten-fold increase or decrease from the next step.
We call this an exponential change.
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<p>
<b>What to Do:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<b>Go to the <a href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/"><font>Powers
of Ten</font></a> showcase.</b> It will lead you through the
whole sequence of 10-fold magnification steps.
</li>
<li>
<b>Control the sequence manually</b> using the Increase and
Descrease buttons.
</li>
<li>
<b>Explore the powers from about the size of a person, through
cells and molecules, to atoms and then back again. </b>
</li>
</ol>
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<a href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/"><font><img src="POT_site.png">
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The double helix of DNA is seen most clearly at 10 to the power of...
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How many powers of ten are there between the DNA nucleotides and you? <a href="script:page:0:message hint-p1.html">Hint</a>.
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