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Intermolecular Attractions: Hydrogen "Bonds" - A Special Type of Attraction
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<font color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5"><strong>ChemLink:</strong>
Water-Water Attractions and Hydrogen Bonds</font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">In water
and in many other biological molecules, hydrogen carries a partial
positive charge. It is so common to find that a hydrogen on one
molecule attracts a partially negative atom of another molecule,
that this interaction has its own name: a <b>hydrogen bond</b>.</font>
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<img src="dipoleHbond.gif" height="351" width="265">
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<img src="water_surface2Comp.png" height="201" width="365">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Water,
one of the most important molecules for life, is a polar molecule.
So, water molecules attract each other. <b>Whenever the partially
positive hydrogen from one molecule is attracted to the partially
negative part of another molecule, we use the term "hydrogen bond"</b>
to designate this somewhat stronger type of dipole-dipole
attraction. </font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">To the
right is a model of gaseous water (<em>i.e.</em> water vapor). To
see the effect the hydrogen bonds have on water, run the model ( <img src="play.gif" width="7" height="12">
) and experiment with the controls below. </font>
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<input value="Heat" name="Submit" script="script:mw:1:select atom all; heat 0.2; select atom none;" type="submit">
  <input value="Cool" name="Submit2" script="script:mw:1:select atom all; heat -0.2; select atom none;" type="submit">
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<input value="checkbox" name="checkbox" script_selected="script:mw:1:show vdwline on" script_deselected="script:mw:1:show vdwline off" checked="checked" type="checkbox">
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show hydrogen bonds
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<input value="checkbox" name="checkbox2" script_selected="script:mw:1:show charge on" script_deselected="script:mw:1:show charge off" type="checkbox">
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show partial charges
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slow motion
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<font size="3">Note: The colors used to indicate positive and negative <b>surface
charge</b> differ between chemistry and biology activities, as they do
in different areas of science. <b>Always check a color key to see what
color is positive and what color is negative</b> - it is different in a
chemistry page (like this one, where a red surface is positive) and in
biology pages (where a red surface is negative)! However, it is often
more important to note the amount of separation of charge into positive
and negative, that is, the intensity of color, rather than whether it is
positive of negative. </font>
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