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Lipids and Carbohydrates: Hydrocarbons and Organic Molecules
methane.mdd, ethane.mdd, propane.mdd, butane.mdd, pentane.mdd,
methane.xyz, ethane.xyz, propane.xyz, butane.xyz, pentane.xyz
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<strong>Lipids and Carbohydrates:</strong> Lipids in Water
</p>
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<td>
<img height="58" src="atomMainIdea.png" width="98">
</td>
<td>
<p class="mainidea">
As you have seen, lipids do not dissolve in water because they
cannot attract water well enough. What is it about lipid molecules
that makes them attract water so poorly?
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
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<p class="subhead">
Start with a simple type of lipid: fatty acids
</p>
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<p class="firstp">
<b>Fatty acids are simple lipid molecules that demonstrate why lipids in
general don't mix with water.</b> Fats in food and cooking oil, and
lipids in membranes all contain various types of fatty acids.
</p>
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<b>All fatty acids have a long tail made from carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Because carbon and hydrogen share electrons almost equally, the tail is
non-polar. [<a href="chemlink_polarity.html"><font>ChemLink: Polarity</font></a>].
</b>You may recall that oxygen pulls electrons away from carbon and
hydrogen. Notice the oxygen at one end, the "head." Oxygen pulls some
electrons (negative charge) to the head, leaving a slightly positive
region next to it, so the head is polar.
</p>
<p>
<strong>What to do: </strong>Use the controls to explore the
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<b>tail:</b> long hydrocarbon chain
</li>
<li>
<b>head:</b> contains the two oxygen atoms
</li>
<li>
<b>surface charge:</b> the separation of positive and negative charge
at any points along the surface of the molecule.
</li>
</ol>
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<b>Surface:</b>
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
Which end of the fatty acid do you think would be better at attracting
water molecules? Explain your thinking. (You may wish to return to Page
1 to review water attractions).
</p>
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What makes the tail of a fatty acid non-polar?
</p>
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the presence of electron-greedy oxygen atoms
the absence of hydrogen atoms
the equal sharing of electrons
the presence of highly electronegative atoms
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<p class="subhead">
Fatty acids in water
</p>
</td>
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<td>
<p class="firstp">
<b>Fatty acids and other lipids can be represented more simply by
a picture than by showing every atom.</b> In the picture to the
right and the model below, the fatty acid's qualities of a
non-polar tail and a polar head are emphasized.
</p>
<p>
<i>Non</i>-polar molecules don't attract water molecules very
well, so they don't dissolve in water. <b>But lipids have a polar
end — the head — how does it affect what they do in water?</b>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<img height="170" src="reduce3.png" width="230">
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In the model on the right, some fatty acids are shown in water. The
water molecules are represented by the blue background.
</p>
<p>
<b>What to do:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<b>As you run the model, ask yourself how the dual nature of a fatty
acid (polar head and non-polar tail) affects its behavior in water.</b>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<b>Take a snapshot</b> of the structure formed by the fatty acids.
This structure is called a <b>micelle</b>.
</li>
<br>
<li>
<b>In the space below the snapshot</b>, explain why the polar heads
face outward in the micelle structure.
</li>
</ol>
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In the space below, place a snapshot of the structure (a <strong>micelle</strong>)
formed by the fatty acids in water.
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Explain why the lipid head faces outward in a micelle. Make sure your
explanation includes both the polar and non-polar parts of the lipid, as
well as water in your answer.
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