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Lipids and Carbohydrates: Page 5
benzene.mml, sugar2.mml, p5Lipids3.mml
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Surface Display: Surface Display:
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<p class="pagetitle">
<strong>Lipids and Carbohydrates:</strong> Carbohydrates in Water
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<td>
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</td>
<td>
<p class="mainidea">
Why does a teaspoon of sugar, which is a carbohydrate, dissolve
easily in water, whereas a teaspoon of oil, which is a lipid, does
not?
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
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</td>
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<p class="subhead">
Compare the solubility of sugars and lipids.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
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<p class="firstp">
Compare how simple sugars (carbohydrate family) and fatty acids (lipid
family) <a href="script:page:0:message dissolveDefinition.html">dissolve</a>
in water.<br><br><b>What to do:</b>
</p>
<p>
1. <b>Run</b> the model of lipids and water to review how they interact.<br>2.
<b>Uncheck and re-check the "Show hydrogen bonds" control</b>
under the model to make sure that you can spot the hydrogen bonds in the
model.<br>3. <b>Select "Glucose with water"</b> and compare
how the sugars behave in water. <b>Make sure to use the "Show hydrogen
bonds" check box again</b>, and notice the hydrogen bonds that are
continually forming and breaking in the model.<br>4. <b>Take a snapshot</b>
of the glucose molecules when they are dissolved in water.
</p>
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Insert a snapshot of glucose dissolved in water, and use the <a href="script:page:0:message annotationTools.html">annotation
tools</a> to explain how you know the glucose is dissolved.
</p>
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Stop the model and drag a water molecule so that it is close to the
different parts of a lipid and a sugar molecule. Which lipid or sugar
atoms tend to form hydrogen bonds with water?
</p>
</body>
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a hydrogen atom that is bonded to carbon.
a hydrogen atom that is bonded to oxygen.
an oxygen atom that is bonded only to carbon.
an oxygen atom that is bonded to hydrogen.
None of the above.
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Polarity and the separation of charge in lipids and carbohydrates
</p>
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We have seens that carbohydrates behave very differently in water
than lipids do. In addition, it seems clear that oxygen is key to
this difference in behavior. Why is this so? The structures of the
molecules can tell us.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<b>What to do: </b>
<ul>
<li>
As you do each step below, <b>click and drag</b> on each
molecule to view it from all sides.<br><b>1. Notice that some
hydrogen atoms</b> are covalently bonded to carbon, others to
oxygen.<br><b>2. Display the surface</b> of each molecule using
the controls below the models.<br><b>3. Note the surface above
hydrogen atoms:</b> Use the "translucent" button to see through
the surface. Look at the hydrogen bonded directly to carbon,
compared with the hydrogen bonded directly to oxygen.<br><b>4.
Note the difference</b> in the degree of charge (intensity of
surface colors) on the lipid and the sugar.
</li>
<br>
<li>
Optional: Review the importance of oxygen and unequal sharing of
electrons with <b><a href="chemlink_polarity.html"><font>ChemLink:
Polarity</font></a></b>
</li>
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What does the intensity of color indicate on the surface of the
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<html>The fainter the surface colors, the less separation of positive and negative charge.
<html>The fainter the surface colors, the more even the sharing of electrons.
<html>The more intense the surface color, the stronger the positive or negative charge.
<html>The more intense the surface colors, the less polar the bond.
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In the first half of this activity you explored lipids and saw that they
are largely non-polar. Explain why the chemical makeup of sugars causes
them to be very polar molecules.
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