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Introduction to Macromolecules: Page 2
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<p class="pagetitle">
<strong>Introduction to Macromolecules:</strong> "Life-size" Molecules
</p>
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<img height="58" src="chargeMainIdea.png" width="98">
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<p class="mainidea">
Despite their large size, macromolecules are made of only a few
types of atoms. Which elements are essential to building such
large structures?
</p>
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</table>
</body>
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<p class="firstp">
Macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and lipids) are generally
very large molecules. Yet there are only a few different types of atoms
in each molecule. Compare the size of macromolecules with smaller
molecules, and note the types of atoms from which each are constructed.
</p>
<p>
<b>What to do:</b>
</p>
<blockquote>
<b>    1. Compare the sizes and shapes of small and large molecules</b>
using the controls above the structures.<br><b>    2. Compare the
composition of the four types of macromolecules</b> using the controls
below the structures. To see more clearly whether an element is present
in a large molecule, <b>zoom in</b> by clicking on the molecule and
dragging downward with the SHIFT key held down.
</blockquote>
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<p class="firstp" align="center">
<b>Small Molecules</b>
</p>
<table cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td style="width: 25%" align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:1:load methane.mol2; script methane.spt; nativescript:plugin:2: script allMolFlagsOff.spt; methaneFlag = true;" type="radio" id="RadioGroup1_0" checked="checked" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</td>
<td width="35%">
<font size="2">Methane </font>
</td>
<td width="5%" align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:1:load caffeine.mol2; script caffeine.spt; nativescript:plugin:2: script allMolFlagsOff.spt; caffeineFlag = true;" type="radio" id="RadioGroup1_2" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</td>
<td width="35%">
<font size="2">Caffeine</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:1:load propane.pdb; script propane.spt; nativescript:plugin:2: script allMolFlagsOff.spt; propaneFlag = true;" type="radio" id="RadioGroup1_1" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">Propane </font>
</td>
<td align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:1:load benzene.pdb; script benzene.spt; script surfaceControl.spt; nativescript:plugin:2: script allMolFlagsOff.spt; benzeneFlag = true;" type="radio" id="RadioGroup1_3" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">Benzene</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<p class="firstp" align="center">
<b>Macromolecules</b>
</p>
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<tr>
<td align="right" width="2%">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:2:load dlpe.pdb; script lipid.spt; nativescript:plugin:1: script allMolFlagsOff2.spt; lipidFlag = true; script smallMolZoom.spt; script:textbox:6:selectcomponent reset true;" type="radio" id="RadioGroup2_0" checked="checked" value="radio" name="RadioGroup2">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">A membrane lipid</font>
</td>
<td width="2%" align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:2:load dna1.pdb; script dna.spt; nativescript:plugin:1: script allMolFlagsOff2.spt; dnaFlag = true; script smallMolZoom.spt; script:textbox:6:selectcomponent reset true; " type="radio" id="RadioGroup2_1" value="radio" name="RadioGroup2">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">DNA (small fragment)</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:2:load insulin.pdb; script insulin.spt; nativescript:plugin:1: script allMolFlagsOff2.spt; insulinSilkFlag = true; script smallMolZoom.spt; script:textbox:6:selectcomponent reset true; " type="radio" id="RadioGroup2_2" value="radio" name="RadioGroup2">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">Insulin, a small protein </font>
</td>
<td align="right">
<input script="nativescript:plugin:2:load glycogen.pdb; script glycogen.spt; nativescript:plugin:1: script allMolFlagsOff2.spt; glycogenFlag = true; script smallMolZoom.spt; script:textbox:6:selectcomponent reset true; " type="radio" id="RadioGroup2_4" value="radio" name="RadioGroup2">
</td>
<td>
<font size="2">Glycogen, a carbohydrate (small fragment) </font>
</td>
</tr>
<!--<tr>
<td align="right"> </td>
<td colspan="3"><input type="radio" script="nativescript:plugin:2:load igg1-all.pdb; script antibody.spt; nativescript:plugin:1: script allMolFlagsOff2.spt; abFlag = true; script smallMolZoom.spt; script:textbox:6:selectcomponent reset true; " id="RadioGroup2_3" name="RadioGroup2" value="radio">
<font size="2">Antibody, a large protein </font></td>
</tr> -->
</table>
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<b><font size="2"><span class="firstp">Highlight one element of
the macromolecule at a time:</span></font></b>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%">
<b><font size="2"><span class="firstp"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 carbon; script displaySg1.spt" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</span></font></b>
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<td>
<b><font color="#666666" size="2">Carbon</font></b>
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<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 hydrogen; script displaySg1.spt;" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font size="2">Hydrogen</font></b>
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<td width="3%">
<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 oxygen; script displaySg1.spt" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font color="#FF0000" size="2">Oxygen</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 nitrogen; script displaySg1.spt" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font color="#3366CC" size="2">Nitrogen</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 sulfur; script displaySg1.spt" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font color="#D7D049" size="2">Sulfur</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:define sg1 phosphorus; script displaySg1.spt" type="radio" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font color="#fb9800" size="2">Phosphorus</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
 
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
<td>
<b><font size="2"><input script="script:nativescript: plugin:2:select all; cpk; color atoms cpk; halos off;" uid="reset" type="radio" checked="checked" value="radio" name="RadioGroup1">
</font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font size="2">Reset</font></b>
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
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Take a snapshot of the macromolecule.
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<html>
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<body face="Arial" bgcolor="rgb(230, 230, 230)" marginwidth="5" marginheight="5">
<b>Which of the following elements can be found in all four types of
macromolecules? (Check all that apply.)</b>
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true
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
0 1 3
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<b>Which of the following elements can be found only in proteins? (Check
all that apply.)</b>
</body>
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true
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
4
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
Which macromolecule is lopsided? One end has only carbon and hydrogen,
while the other end includes nitrogen and oxygen. Place a snapshot here,
and use the annotation tools to point to<br>each end.
</p>
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It is important for biological molecules to have a great variety of
sizes, shapes, and surfaces. Suggest some reasons that this is true.
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