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Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Amino Acid Chains
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Curious? Take a look at all 20 amino acids in one window.
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<strong>Nucleic Acids and Proteins</strong>: Amino Acid Chains
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<p class="mainidea">
What are the "links" in a protein chain?
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A Chain of Linked Amino Acids
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All proteins share the same underlying structure: they are long chain
polymers formed by linking together smaller molecules. The monomers of
proteins are called <strong>amino acids</strong>. There are twenty
different amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. The amino
acids are linked together into polymer chains by strong covalent bonds.
Watch the movie for a closer look at the amino acids in the porin
protein.
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Amino Acids Have Different "Personalities"
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<p class="firstp">
As you see at the end of the movie above, all amino acids have a part
that is unique, called the <b>side chain</b> or <b>R group</b>. Each
side chain gives its amino acid a different chemical "personality" - a
distinct size, shape, and distribution of charge.
</p>
<p>
<b>Polarity is often the most important property of an amino acid side
chain.</b> Polarity plays a big role in the final shape of the protein,
and the shape is required for the protein to do its job.
</p>
<p>
Below are three examples from the twenty amino acids. Your job is to
learn how to recognize whether an amino acid side chain is polar or
non-polar. [For a review of polarity, see <a href="chemlink_polarity.html"><font>ChemLink:
Polarity</font></a>].
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<b>Change Amino Acid Displays:</b><br>
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whole amino acid
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sidechain only
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charge surface:
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on
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(<a href="script:page:0:message <t><font face=verdana>We only show the surface over the side chain because <br>it is the only part that differs between amino acids - <br>so, it is the part that gives each amino acids a different character.</font></t>">Why
does the surface cover ONLY the side chain?</a>)
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Take a snapshot of the amino acid with the most polar side chain. Use
the annotation tools to show where the most polar bonds are located.
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Explain how you decide whether a bond is polar or non-polar.
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Take a snapshot of the charge surface over the side chain of a non-polar
amino acid.
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