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Transcribing DNA
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❐ See an animation of the transcription process.
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<font color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5"><strong>From
DNA to Proteins:</strong> Transcription - From DNA to Messenger RNA</font>
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<td>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">DNA
carries information in the sequence of bases in its strand. How is
the data in DNA accessed in order to build proteins? </font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">DNA is found
in the nucleus, but the proteins made from the information in DNA are
built outside the nucleus. How does the information in DNA travel out to
where the proteins are made? It is carried by an <a href="script:page:0:message rna.html">RNA</a>
copy of the DNA gene. This "messenger" RNA (mRNA) is made in a process
called <b>transcription</b>. </font>
<p>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">The process
is called transcribing DNA because you make the copy by ‘across
writing’, which is what trans-scribe means. This is the first step in
making proteins. Cells can make many copies of the same gene using this
technique. </font>
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<font color="#5c7b67" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="5"><strong>Modeling
Transcription</strong></font>
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<td colspan="2">
<img src="rule.png" width="18" height="6">
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">In the model
below, you can see a 2D version of DNA. The container background is blue,
indicating that everything happens in the watery environment of the cell.
When DNA is copied into RNA, one strand serves as a template for the RNA
copy to be made. In our model, the bottom strand is always the template
strand.<br><br><b>What to do:</b> </font>
<ol>
<li>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Before the
DNA can be transcribed, the strands have to separate from each other.
Click the <b>Separate the strands of DNA</b> button to begin. </font>
</li>
<li>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Click on
the button representing the correct <a href="script:page:0:message complementary.html">complementary</a>
RNA nucleotide. </font>
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<li>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4">Repeat
until you've transcribed the entire DNA strand.</font>
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</ol>
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<strong>In this model, the bottom DNA strand is transcribed. Which DNA
strand is most similar to the RNA strand? </strong>
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The top DNA strand.
The bottom DNA strand.
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<strong>A group of three nucleotides codes for one amino acid. Notice the
black tick marks above the DNA strand showing these triplet groups, which
are called <i>codons</i>. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand
in the model above? </strong>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong>From using the
model above, you should now know the "rules" for which RNA nucleotide
pairs with each DNA nucleotide. List them here. </strong></font>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><strong><b>If six bases
on the template strand of DNA are AGTAAC, what are the six bases on the
complementary section of the RNA?</b></strong></font>
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