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From DNA to Proteins: How mutations work
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<strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FFFFFF">From
DNA to Proteins:</font></strong><font size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FFFFFF">
How mutations work</font>
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<b>What is a mutation?</b> A mutation is a change in the DNA
sequence. Germline mutations, which can affect reproductive cells,
can be passed on to offspring. Somatic mutations, which affect other
cells, cannot be passed on.
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<b>What causes mutations?</b>
<p>
DNA can be damaged by radiation or certain chemicals. Errors in
the DNA replication process can also cause mutations.
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<b>What are the different types of mutations?</b>
<ul>
<li>
When one nucleotide is replaced with another, it is called a <b>substitution</b>
mutation.<br>For example, changing ATCG to AT<font color="red">A</font>G.
</li>
<br>
<li>
When a nucleotide is added into the sequence, it is called an <b>insertion</b>
mutation.<br>For example, changing ATCG to AT<font color="red">G</font>CG.
</li>
<br>
<li>
When a nucleotide is lost from the DNA sequence, it is called a <b>deletion</b>
mutation.<br>For example, changing ATCG to ACG.
</li>
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<strong>Make a prediction: which mutation types do you think will most
likely cause the biggest changes in the translated protein? (Check ALL
that apply.)</strong>
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substitution
insertion
deletion
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<b><strong><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Explain the
reasoning behind your prediction. (In the rest of this activity, you will
learn how to test this prediction.)</font></strong></b>
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