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Four Levels of Protein Structure: Twenty Amino Acids
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See All Twenty 3D Rotatable Amino Acids Here
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<strong>Four Levels of Protein Structure:</strong> Twenty Amino Acids
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<p class="mainidea">
There are 20 amino acids commonly used in proteins, each with a
unique side chain.
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All amino acids have a part that is unique, called the <b>side chain (or
R group)</b>. The side chains give proteins various chemical properties,
which allow each type of protein to perform a different function. They
are also essential for protein folding, which determines the protein's
shape. The rest of the amino acid is used in forming the covalent bonds
that link the amino acids together into a long string or chain.
Different proteins are made by linking amino acids together in a unique
order or sequence.
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<p>
In the image on the left, each amino acid is represented in three ways:
as a ball & stick structure, as a "bead," and by an abbreviation.
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<p>
<b>Use the button below the image to take a snapshot, then follow the
instructions below. </b>
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<b>In your snapshot of the image above, </b>
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<ul>
<li>
look closely at the two ball & stick structures for alanine and
phenylalanine. Can you pick out the atoms that make them unique?
</li>
<li>
use the annotation tool <img src="annotation-circle.gif"> in the
snapshot to circle the atoms that make them different - that is, the
atoms of each one's <b>side chain</b>.
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<li>
close the snapshot and follow the directions in the the box on the
right to display your snapshot.
</li>
</ul>
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<b>Need a review of polarity? See <a href="chemlink_polarity.html"><font>ChemLink:
Polarity</font></a>.</b>
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<p class="question">
Use the link above to open and explore the 20 rotatable 3D amino acids.
Then select the "Sidechain" color scheme. The atoms that are colored
gray are the same in every amino acid. What are they called?
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true
the sidechain atoms
the backbone atoms
the protein atoms
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<p class="question">
On the page of 3D amino acids, find <u>glutamine</u> and <u>histidine</u>.
Use the different color schemes to select the true statement(s) below.
(More than one statement may be true).
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true
they are both polar amino acids
one is polar and the other is non-polar
one of them is charged
they are both non-polar
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