UTF-8Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: Introduction.244245239111org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> Introduction.
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What factors affect the motion of molecules into and out of cells,
a process known as diffusion?
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Introduction to Diffusion
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Look around you. Everything is in violent, constant motion. It may not
look that way. However, if you could see the atoms and molecules, which
make up everything, you would <a href="script:mw3d:1:run">see the
molecules in the air zipping by</a> at about 1000 miles per hour! In
liquids and solids they move just as fast, but collide with other
molecules much more frequently. In solids the atoms pretty much just
vibrate in place.
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This concept of constant movement is crucial for understanding many of
your biological functions. It helps explain how oxygen gets into your
body and carbon dioxide gets out. The constant molecular movement helps
your kidneys to filter your blood, and your nerves to send signals
throughout your body.
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Over time biological systems have evolved to help maximize, and/or
control the movement of important molecules and ions into and out of
cells. <strong>The natural movement of molecules due to collisions is
called diffusion.</strong> Several factors are important in affecting
the diffusion rate: concentration, surface area, and molecular pumps.
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Simple Diffusion Example
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If you place a drop of food coloring into a glass of water, eventually
the entire glass is colored evenly with that dye. Use the model below to
observe how the food coloring diffuses throughout the water.
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To the right is a model showing pure water. Try the following:
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Place a drop of food coloring by clicking somewhere in the container.
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Observe how the dye diffuses.
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Stop the model, and use the "show path" button <img width="14" height="14" src="showTrajectory.gif" border="0"><a href="script:page:0:message showTrajectoryHelp.html">(help?)</a>
to see the path various dye molecules have taken.
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Then reset the model and repeat your observations, but place the dye
in a different location.
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<input id="run" value="run" selfscript="enablecomponent 0 false; enablecomponent 1 true;" script="script:mw2d:1:run; set %modelRunning 1; cursor dropper.png (8,28);" name="run" type="submit">
  <input enabled="false" id="stop" selfscript="enablecomponent 0 true; enablecomponent 1 false;" value="stop" script="script:mw2d:1:stop; set %modelRunning 0; cursor null;" name="stop" type="submit">
  <input id="reset" value="reset" selfscript="enablecomponent 0 false; enablecomponent 1 true;" script="script:mw2d:1:reset;run; set %modelRunning 1; cursor dropper.png (8,28);" name="reset" type="submit">
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After looking at the path taken by several red dye molecules, their
motion can best be described as:
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true<html>moving in a directed way from high to low concentration</html><html>moving randomly through collisions in no particular direction</html><html>staying close to other red dye molecules</html><html>moving in clumps of molecules together</html>1-373738Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageTextArea381260<html>
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It is often stated that substances diffuse from <a href="script:page:0:message concentration.html">highly
concentrated</a> areas to areas of <a href="script:page:0:message concentration.html">low
concentration</a>. Describe how this works if a molecule can't tell that
it is in a region of high concentration and just diffuses randomly
through collisions.
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Now it is time to design your own experiment. <a href="diffusion.revised1a.cml"><font>Click
here</font></a> to learn how to create your own model and test your own
predictions. At the end, you will be brought back to this series of
activities to continue onward.
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