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Atomic Structure: Probability maps and orbitals.
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<font color="#FFFFFF" size="7" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Building
Atoms</strong> </font>
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<img width="98" height="58" src="atomMainIdea.png">
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Orbitals
are not physical objects, they are just a description of where you
might find an electron, a sort of probability map.</font>
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<font color="#a65d2c" size="5" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Atomic
Structure: Probability Maps and Orbitals</strong></font>
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<img width="18" height="6" src="rule.png">
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">You have
probably seen bar graphs and line graphs, but the pattern of dots
you see to the right can also be considered a graph. You can't
predict where any one dart will land, but you can say that it is
more likely to land closer to the center of the target than far away.</font><br><br><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In
a probability map like this one, the higher the density of dots, the
greater the chances of a random dart throw landing in that area. So,
how does this apply to electrons and orbitals? </font>
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<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><img width="274" height="213" hspace="10" src="dartProbabilityFlat.png">
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<font><a href="atomStructureSmall3.html"><img src="activateElectrons.gif" border="1">
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Click
the image to the left to activate a model of a helium atom that has
two electrons. When we look at a dart board to see the pattern of
holes, we can observe the likelihood that someone will get close to
the center of the target.</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This
computer model will allow us to stop time and locate the electrons
where they are at a particular moment in time. If you leave a trace
(like the hole in a dart board) you can start to see where the
electrons are usually found. Eventually, the pattern will look like
the picture of an orbital to the right. </font>
<ul>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Click
the "trace electrons" box to mark previous locations of the
electrons.</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">At
some point make the time delay "short" to speed up the pattern
formation. </font>
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<img width="189" height="220" src="orbitalFlat.png">
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<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Explain why the
color of the orbital gets lighter as you move further from the nucleus: </strong></font><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(see
completed orbital above and to the right)</font>
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<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>If you had to
bet on where you are most likely to find an electron at any particular
point in time, where would it be?</strong></font>
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<html>Near the nucleus.</html>
<html>Away from the nucleus.</html>
<html>There is a perfectly even chance of finding an electron anywhere.</html>
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