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Electrical Conduction: Insulators
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<font size="5" color="white"><strong>Electrical Conduction:</strong>
Insulators</font>
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Why can't electrons move freely in insulators?
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Materials like the sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal do not conduct
electricity because electrons are so strongly bound to the atoms that they
cannot move freely. Even when an electric field is applied, the external
electric force may not be enough to strip any electrons from the atoms. As
a result, there are no charge carriers and no electric current can flow
within the materials.
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<b><font size="5" color="#5c7b67">Electrons in insulators</font></b>
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The model to the right illustrates the 3rd shell electrons (represented by
the small circles) of Na (purple circles) and Cl (green circles) atoms in
a NaCl lattice.
<p>
The small dashed circles inside the Cl atoms represent the positions of
the 3rd shell electrons in the Lewis dot configuration, as shown below:
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<img src="nacl.gif">
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These dashed cirlces can be considered as traps for electrons. When one
is not occupied by an electron, it is called a <b>hole</b>.
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<strong>Most ionic compounds are electrical insulators. Based on the model
on this page, explain why in your own language.</strong>
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