UTF-8Activity Title: Page 6240233207111org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<strong>The Periodic Table:An Overview of the Elements </strong>
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The Chemistry of the Electronics Industry
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What is a semiconductor?
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Metalloids, shown in purple on the periodic table, exhibit
characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. Silicon, for
example, possesses a metallic luster, yet it is an inefficient
conductor and is brittle. The reactivity of the metalloids depends
on the element with which they are reacting. For example, boron
acts as a nonmetal when reacting with sodium yet as a metal when
reacting with fluorine. The boiling points, melting points, and
densities of the metalloids vary widely. The intermediate
conductivity of metalloids means they tend to make good
semiconductors.
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<img src="periodic-table.gif">
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falseLine11org.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4400200<html>
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Which of the following is not true of metalloids?
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trueTheirproperties fall between those of metals and those of nonmetals.They fall to the left of the periodic table.They make good semiconductors.They fall between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.1falseLine111org.concord.modeler.PageTextBox500.0425.0<html>
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Some materials, such as silicon crystals, do not conduct electricity
well at very low temperature. Because silicon has four outer electrons,
a silicon atom shares its electrons with four other silicons to give
each atom eight outer electrons, or a complete oute shell. These
electrons are tightly bound to silicon atoms and behave like those in
insulators. But when temperature increases, some electrons become loose
and can "hop" from one atom to another leaving a vacancy in the bond
known as a "hole" that other electrons can fill. This allows for the
movement of electrons which results in an electric current.<br><br>This
simulation shows how electrons move in a silicon crystal at different
temperatures. The gray shapes show the sharing of electrons between
silicon atoms. The dashed circles show the electron positions in the
bonds. When they are not occupied by an electron, they represent a hole.<br><br>Instructions:
1) Click the "Run" button and observe what happens. 2) Pull the
"Temperature" slider to increase the temperature in small increments and
observe the movement of electrons and the ammeter at each step.
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falseLineorg.concord.mw2d.activity.AtomContainerpage6$0.mml1org.concord.modeler.PageButtonRunRunfalseorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonStopStopfalseorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageButtonResetResetfalseorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Execute MW scriptorg.concord.modeler.PageSliderorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0300.00.05000.050Temperature20060falsetrueTemperature1org.concord.modeler.PageTextArea400150<html>
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At low temperature, would you say the silicon crystal conducts
electricity? Explain.
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What happens to the electrons as the temperature increases and how does
this affect the electrical conductivity?
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Summarize how atomic structure affects electrical conductivity between
conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
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In your own words, explain under what conditions a semiconductor may
become an electical conductor and how this occurs in terms of the
electrons.
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