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The Quantum Basics of Electrons: Probability Distribution
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<strong><font size="5" color="white">The Quantum Basics of Electrons:</font></strong><font size="5" color="white">
Probability Distribution</font>
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What is a probability distribution?
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The microscopic world is full of phenomena very different from what we see
in everyday life. Some of those phenomena can only be explained using
quantum mechanics. In this module, you will learn about the basic rules of
the quantum world.
<p>
As the concept of probability is a prerequisite for understanding the
quantum basics, let's start by reviewing it.
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<b><font size="5" color="#5c7b67">From probability to probability
distribution</font></b>
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Probability is a way to describe if an event will occur or has occurred.
Probability can usually be expressed simply as "one out of <i>N</i>."
For example, saying that the probability of catching a flu is 1% is the
same as saying one out of 100 people catches it.
<p>
A related question is: in which state does the flu spread the most? If
the states on a map are colored according to the number of people who
have already caught the flu, the map will show where you will more or
less likely to catch it. This brings another concept: <b>probability
distribution</b>.<br><br>
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To better understand probability distribution, let's consider a game of
darts.
<p>
Now, let's think about how to <i>describe</i> the result of this game.
Whenever a dart hits the dartboard, it leaves a pinhole. If there are
enough hits, the pattern of the pinholes can be described by a
mathematical function, which—when drawn on top of the dartboard—looks
like a haze. The denser the "haze" at a spot on the dartboard is, the
more times it has been hit. Therefore, the pinhole "haze" is a good
description of where a dart will likely hit the board.
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Throw one dart
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<strong>Can you think of a rule of the dartboard game that will result in
a different probability distribution than the one shown above? According
to your new rule, how would the new probability distribution look like?</strong>
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Have more than one aim centers on the dartboard.
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<strong>Give an example of probability distribution and describe how you
may visualize it.</strong>
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