UTF-8Activity Title: Page 4240233207
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Click on this link to The Periodic Table.
William J. Vining, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, General Chemistry Interactive Simulations
(http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/sims/periodic_table.html)
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<strong>An Overview of Chemical Elements </strong>
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The Chemistry of the Electronics Industry
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What is a conductor?
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Many of our daily activities are dependent on the availability of
electricity. The use of electricity is about the conversion of
electric energy carried by electric current into other forms of
energy, such as light, heat and mechanical energy. How is the
production of electricity related to the discipline of chemistry?<br><br>The
basic structure of an atom, especially the outer or valence
electrons, determines the properties of an element. Elements to
the left of the periodic table have fewer valence electrons and
have a tendency to lose those electrons. These elements are
classified as metals. In a solid metal, the electrons are shared
between the atoms and are free to move. This is what makes metals
good conductors. According to About.com:Physics, electrical
current represents the flow of electrons through a conductive
material.
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What are the three general groups of elements shown on the first page? <strong>(Include
the color that represents each group and compare the relative number of
elements in each group.)</strong>
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How does atomic structure contribute to an element's ability to conduct
electricity?
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What type of elements are conductors and where are they located on the
periodic table?
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An electric current is defined as the number of electrons flowing
through a cross section of a wire, over a given amount of time.The
unit of electric current is the Ampere (A). Copper is a metal that
is commonly used in wiring homes and applainces.
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<i><font size="3">How many electrons are involved? In a typical
household power cord, the number of electrons that flow in is around
10</font><sup><font size="2">18</font></sup><font size="3">
electrons per second. When humans feel an electric shock, at least 10</font><sup><font size="2">14</font></sup><font size="3">
electrons flow into their bodies instantaneously. </font></i>
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<strong>The model to the right represents solid copper. The individual
copper atoms are labeled. The gray spheres represent the "free"
electrons which move randomly. Press the "Run" button and observe the
random motion of the electrons.<br><br>In order for an electric current
to be produced, an external electric field, a battery for example, must
be applied to the metal as the driving force for electrons to travel.
This external force is represented in this model by the "Voltage" slider
below the model. Reset the model and answer the following questions.</strong>
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Using the "Voltage" slider, set the model at a high voltage and run.
Describe how the electrons move in comparison to the random movement
seen while running it without the external electric field.
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What do you think the ammeter, pictured to the right, measures?
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