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Many scientists are voicing concerns that carbon dioxide emissions,
released through the combustion of fossil fuels,
are resulting in global climate change.
We continue to search for economically feasible
and environmentally friendly alternatives to
burning fossil fuels to meet energy demands.
One such option that is currently under scrutiny is nuclear energy.
Energy from the atomic nucleus may be liberated through
the fusion of small nuclei or the splitting of large nuclei.
In the following example, deuterium and tritium fuse to produce a helium atom, a neutron and energy.
Click here to view "Fusion" video
The process of fusion requires temperatures around 100 million K;
the H atoms must have enough energy to overcome electrical repulsion between protons.
At this temperature, matter occurs as a plasma.
Fusion also requires high pressure to
squeeze the atoms close enough for the nuclei to fuse.
In a fusion reactor, the reaction can best be contained by a magnetic field.
http://www.toodlepip.com/tokamak/gallery-int.htm
Click here to view "Fusion Reactor" video
http://science.howstuffworks.com/fusion-reactor.htm
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<strong>Nuclear Chemistry: Day 2 </strong>
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An Introduction to Fusion and Fission
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Fusion
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<strong><font size="5">In fusion, two light atomic nuclei come
together and combine to form a different element. This process
occurs naturally in stars. </font></strong>
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<p>
<br>
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<strong><font size="5">Our sun, a middle-sized yellow dwarf
according to star classification, provides light and heat to earth
as a result of the fusion process.</font></strong>
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<strong><font size="5">Fusion is an energy dense process<br>which
means the energy output<br>can be 450 times the energy input: </font></strong>
<p>
<strong><font size="5"><br>
1 thimbleful of deuterium = 20 tons of coal! </font></strong>
</p>
<p>
<strong><font size="5"><br>
A pick-up truck = 2 million tons of coal, 1.3 billion tons of
oil or 30 tons of uranium oxide! </font></strong>
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<img src="coal train.jpg">
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<strong><font size="5">This is currently one of the most feasible
nuclear fusion reactions because: </font></strong>
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<p>
<br>
<strong><font size="4">Deuterium is abundant in sea water; there
is enough on Earth to provide fuel for millions of years.</font></strong>
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<strong><font size="4"><br>
The waste product is helium. </font></strong>
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<strong><font size="4">Neutrons produced during fusion are absorbed
by rods made of lithium and converted into tritium. Lithium is an
element abundant in the Earth's crust.</font></strong>
<p>
<strong><font size="4"><br>
The energy released through this process can be harnessed to heat
water to run a steam turbine and generate electricity.</font></strong>
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<img src="inside tokamak.jpg">
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<br>
<strong><font size="5">One advantage to a fusion reactor is
that, in the event of an accident, the reactor shuts down. The
risk of a catastrophic event is minimal. </font></strong>
<p>
<br>
<strong><font size="5">The images show the inside of a tokamak
nuclear fusion reactor.</font></strong>
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<img src="tokamak labeled.jpg">
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What are the disadvantages or obstacles to nuclear fusion as a solution
to energy needs? List <strong>at least</strong> four.
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What are the advantages or benefits to nuclear fusion? List <strong>at
least</strong> four.
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