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My report on "Chemical Bonds"
My report on "Chemical Bonds"
Student name: koby daily
Teacher name: dpollock
School: hhs
Submission Time: 8/31/11 10:54 AM
Page 1 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page1.cml
1. Which answer best describes electrons when they surround the nucleus of an atom?
(a) They follow circular paths around the nucleus.
(b) They follow ellipitcal paths around the nucleus.
(c) They are found in regions of space that take certain shapes.
(d) They orbit each other while at the same time orbiting the nucleus.
My answer is (c) (10:15:07 AM)
Page 2 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page2.cml
1. Describe why charging walls changes the shape of the orbital.
the electron cloud is negatively charged, so when the wall is negative, it pushes the orbital away, but if both are negative, both are pushing on it which causes it to smash together. Whenever a wall is positive it moves towards the wall, but if both are positive it will pull on both sides causing it to flatten (10:19:36 AM)
2. Does the distance between charges have any effect on the shape of the orbital? Support your answer with observations.
Yes, the farther away the charge is, the less effect it has on the orbital because it doesn pull towards the charge. The close the charge becomes, the more the orbital pulls and elongates. (10:21:00 AM)
Page 3 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page3.cml
1. Select "Use Another Hydrogen Atom" and drag it around. Which best describes what you see?
(a) The electrons are attracted to each other.
(b) The electrons are attracted to the other atom's nucleus.
(c) The electrons are attracted to both nuclei.
My answer is (c) (10:24:06 AM)
2. A covalent bond is formed when the electrons from two different atoms are considered to be "shared" between the nuclei. Move the two hydrogen atoms close together and explain how this can be a representation of a covalent bond.
When the atoms are moved close to eachother, they start to share the electrons. A covalent bond is when two atoms share electrons in the bond. (10:25:00 AM)
Page 4 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page4.cml
1. Place your annotated molecule here, showing which part is slightly positive and which part is slightly negative:
(10:54:40 AM)
Page 5 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page5.cml
1. Try setting one atom to have a slightly higher electronegativity than the other. Where do the electrons end up?
(a) Closer to the one with higher electronegativity.
(b) Closer to the one with lower electronegativity.
(c) The electrons are spread evenly.
My answer is (a) (10:29:10 AM)
2. When the electrons end up shifted toward the nucleus of one of the atoms, that causes the surface of the molecule around that atom to be:
(a) slightly positive.
(b) slightly negative.
(c) perfectly neutral.
My answer is (b) (10:29:39 AM)
3. Explain your answers to the two multiple choice questions. Be sure to use the term "electronegativity" correctly in your answer. help
When an atom has a higher electronegativity, he attracts particles with a negative charge more. So when the atom has a higher electronegativity, the electrons, which are negatively charged, will attracted to the atom. (10:32:49 AM)
Page 6 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page6.cml
1. If you want to make a non-polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (c) (10:33:53 AM)
2. If you want to make an ionic bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (a) (10:33:59 AM)
3. If you want to make a polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (b) (10:34:02 AM)
4. What is the approximate numeric difference in electronegativity that divides non-polar from polar? (All answers within a particular range are acceptable.) hint
.65 (10:35:48 AM)
5. What is the approximate numeric difference in electronegativity that divides polar from ionic? (All answers within a particular range are acceptable.) hint
2.04 (10:36:06 AM)
Page 7 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page7.cml
1. What kind of bond is formed between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (c) (10:36:21 AM)
2. What kind of bond is formed between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (b) (10:36:27 AM)
3. What kind of bond is formed between carbon (C) and carbon (C)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (10:36:32 AM)
4. Experiment with choosing various pairs of elements from different areas of the periodic table to see what kind of bonds are formed. What patterns do you see?
The elements that are in the bottom left of the periodic table are the most non-polar. Elements on the top right of the periodic table are most polar so when one end is combined with the other, it is most likely ionic. When two atoms around the middle of the table are added, or have similar electronegativity, it is most likely a polar bond. (10:40:10 AM)
Page 8 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page8.cml
1. What kind of bond is formed between carbon (C) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (b) (10:42:28 AM)
2. What kind of bond is formed between hydrogen (H) and carbon (C)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (10:42:41 AM)
3. What kind of bond is formed between nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (10:42:49 AM)
Page 9 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page9.cml
1. Place your image of glutamine here showing all polar bonds circled (if any):
(10:44:44 AM)
2. Place your image of phenylalanine here showing all polar bonds circled (if any):
(10:46:13 AM)
3. Which amino acid would be good to use in the part of a protein that spans a cell membrane? Non-polar amino acids work best inside of membranes.
(a) glutamine
(b) phenylalanine
(c) either would work well
My answer is (b) (10:46:27 AM)
4. Explain why you made that choice.
Phenylaline has a side chain made completely of non-polar, covalent bonds. (10:47:14 AM)
Page 10 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page10.cml
1. Which of the following is NOT a chemical bond between two atoms:
(a) non-polar covalent bond
(b) polar covalent bond
(c) hydrogen bond
(d) ionic bond
My answer is (c) (10:47:26 AM)
2. In a non-polar covalent bond:
(a) electrons are shared evenly
(b) electrons are shared unevenly
(c) one or more electrons are transferred
(d) both B and C can be true
My answer is (d) (10:47:46 AM)
3. Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. (10:49:14 AM)
4. In a polar covalent bond:
(a) both atoms have the same electronegativity
(b) one atom has a slightly higher electronegativity
(c) one atom has a much higher electronegativity
My answer is (a) (10:47:54 AM)
5. Is water a polar molecule? Describe in detail how you know. Use the electronegativity table to the right to see values for various elements. Be sure to mention electronegativity, the meaning of polarity, the sharing of electrons, and the coloring of the water molecule seen in the diagram.
Yes, since oxygen is much more electronegative it attracts the negative charge closer to it, thus creating a polarized bond where the oxygen is more negative and the hydrogen is more positive. The meaning of polarity is, having poles. There are two ends on the atom, a positive side, and a negative side. When two hydrogens (+) and an oxygen (-) join together, they must share electrons to complete the bond. IN the diagram, blue means negative, white means neutral and red means positive. (10:52:53 AM)
6. To make an ionic bond you would want to pick elements:
(a) from the left side of the periodic table
(b) from the right side of the periodic table
(c) from each side of the periodic table, one from the left and one from the right
My answer is (c) (10:52:59 AM)
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