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From DNA to Proteins: Substitution mutations
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Challenge 1 Image Questions:
Challenge 2 Image Questions:
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<font size="5" color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>From
DNA to Proteins: </strong>Substitution mutations</font>
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<font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Substitution
mutations</strong> are usually caused by an error in the DNA
replication process. During the copying of the DNA strand, a wrong
nucleotide can be inserted. How does this affect the resulting
protein? </font>
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<b>What to do: </b>
<ol>
<li>
<b>Before following the directions below, </b>practice making some
mutations in the DNA sequence. <b>To make a mutation,</b> right-click
on a nucleotide. Then choose a mutation from the pop-up menu.
</li>
<li>
<b>When you are confident about making a mutation</b>, take on
Challenge #1 below.
</li>
<li>
After completing Challenge #1, click the link for and complete
Challenge #2.
</li>
</ol>
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<img src="mut_legend.gif">
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<font><a link_width="500" link_left="500" link_menubar="false" link_toolbar="false" link_height="450" href="geneticCodeTableStatic.cml" target="_blank" link_statusbar="false" link_top="100">Genetic
Code Table</a></font>
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Transcribe DNA to mRNA
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<p>
<b>Challenge 1: make a mutation that causes a property change</b><font face="sans"><br>Here
you will make a mutation that replaces a hydrophobic amino acid with a
hydrophilic one. </font>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
Reset ( <img src="reset.gif"> ) the model and make the protein (first
transcribe, then translate).
</li>
<li>
Take a snapshot and use the arrow annotation tool to indicate the
amino acid created by the second codon. | <a href="script:page:0:message hint1-p6.html">Hint
1</a> | <a href="script:page:0:message hint2-p6.html">Hint 2</a>.
</li>
<li>
Make a substitution mutation in the second DNA triplet to change it
from TTT to TCT. <a href="script:page:0:message hint3-p6.html">Hint 3</a>.
</li>
<li>
Make the new protein, take a snapshot, and indicate the new amino acid.
</li>
</ol>
After completing Challenge #1, <a href="script:textbox:5:load challenge2-p6.html;">Click
here for Challenge #2</a>.
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<b>Challenge 1: Insert the snapshot image of the protein synthesized
before the mutation.</b>
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<b>Challenge 1: Insert the snapshot image of the protein after mutation.</b>
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<b>Challenge 2: Place an image of a protein here that has one of the
original hydrophobic amino acids changed to another by a substitution
mutation. </b>
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<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Some
substitution mutations result in a malfunctioning protein, but others do
not. What might be the reason for this?</strong></font>
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