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Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: The porous membrane.
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<p class="pagetitle">
<strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> The porous
membrane.
</p>
</body>
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<img width="98" src="motionMainIdea.png" height="58">
</td>
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<p class="mainidea">
Many molecules and even single atom ions can't diffuse easily
through the cell membrane. How do they get into and out of cells?
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
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<img width="33" src="motionBullet.png" height="23">
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<p class="subhead">
Most Ions and Molecules Need Pores to Pass Through Membranes
</p>
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Until now you have only observed oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing
through a cell membrane. The way those two molecules directly pass
through the cell membrane is actually quite uncommon. Most molecules are
unable to pass through the membrane, so some kind of hole must be made
to allow them to diffuse through. This is done using one or more
proteins to create a pore in the membrane that allows only specific
molecules or ions to pass through.
</p>
<p>
To the right is the model of such a pore. This one allows water to pass
through a cell membrane.
</p>
<p>
Explore the model using the animation controls and use the "snapshot"
button below to take pictures that will help you answer the questions
below.
</p>
<p align="center">
<input id="button" script="script:jmol:1:snapshot" name="button" type="submit" value="take a snapshot">
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org.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion371371<html>
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
Take an image showing a side view of an aquapore poking out of both
sides of a piece of cell membrane. <font size="-1" color="#a63739">(Note:
You will need to find the right scene on the molecule tour and rotate
the molecule yourself to get the correct image.) </font>
</p>
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org.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion371371<html>
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
Take an image showing water going through the channel formed by the
aquapore:
</p>
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-ff0100
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<img width="33" src="motionBullet.png" height="23">
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<p class="subhead">
Determining Which Molecules and/or Ions Need Pores
</p>
</td>
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Use the buttons next to the model below to explore which kinds of atoms
or molecules can pass freely through a cell membrane, and which can not.
</p>
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<body style="margin-top: 10; margin-right: 2px">
<p class="firstp" align="left">
<img width="712" src="aquaporeTitle.png" height="26">
</p>
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</td>
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<span class="style1"><strong>SELECT ONE</strong></span>
</td>
<td align="center">
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>
<input id="RadioGroup1_0" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%pos%dotmml; else; load %pos%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%pos); run " name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
<br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">positive ion (Na<sup>+</sup>)</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<img height="8" width="8" src="pos.png">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<input id="RadioGroup1_1" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%neg%dotmml; else; load %neg%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%neg); run" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">negative ion (Cl<sup>-</sup>)</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<img height="8" width="8" src="neg.png">
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</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<input id="RadioGroup1_2" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%co2%dotmml; else; load %co2%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%co2); run" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">small non-polar (CO<sub>2</sub>)</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<img height="8" width="8" src="co2.png">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<input id="RadioGroup1_3" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%water%dotmml; else; load %water%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%water); run" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">small polar (H<sub>2</sub>O)</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<img height="14" width="14" src="water.png">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<input id="RadioGroup1_4" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%sugar%dotmml; else; load %sugar%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%sugar); run" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">medium polar (sugar)</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<img height="28" width="28" src="sugar.png">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<input id="RadioGroup1_5" script="script:mw2d:1:if (%aquaporeOn); load %aqua-%mix%dotmml; else; load %mix%dotmml; endif; set %currentmodel round(%mix); run" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
</td>
<td>
<span class="style1">mix of everything</span>
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="bottom">
<input id="checkbox" script_selected="script:mw2d:1:set %aquaporeOn 1; if (%currentmodel != 0.0); load %aqua-%currentmodel%dotmml; run; endif;" name="checkbox" script_deselected="script:mw2d:1:set %aquaporeOn 0; if(%currentmodel != 0.0); load %currentmodel%dotmml; run; endif;" type="checkbox">
</td>
<td style="height: 30" valign="bottom">
<span class="style1">with aquapore</span>
</td>
<td style="height: 30" valign="bottom">
 
</td>
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<html>
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<link href="bioStyles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
Which are the only types of molecules that pass easily through the cell
membrane without an aquapore?
</p>
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true
positive ions
negative ions
small non-polar molecules
small polar molecules
medium sized polar molecules
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<body class="question">
<p class="question">
What is true of most naturally occuring pores?
</p>
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true
They allow only ions to pass through.
They allow most molecules to pass through.
They let anything that is the right size through.
They are specific to one kind of molecule.
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