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Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: The role of surface area.
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<strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> The role of
surface area.
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<p class="mainidea">
What role does surface area play in diffusion rates and why is the
diffusion rate important?
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<p class="firstp">
One theme you see in many biological systems is a network of
channels that forms smaller and smaller branches. It's a pattern
we see in our lungs, our blood vessels, and our kidneys, to name a
few. There seems to be an evolutionary advantage to having <strong>these
branched systems which greatly increase the surface area between
the inside and outside</strong> of these structures.
</p>
<p>
To the right is a diagram of how the air passages in your lungs
branch out into smaller and smaller branches, ending in tiny
alveoli (air sacs) surrounded by blood vessels as shown in the
magnified upper right part of the image.<br>
</p>
<p>
Why have we evolved to have such delicate, high surface area
systems? What advantage is there to having a larger surface area
separating two things (e.g., inside of lungs and bloodstream,
inside of digestion system and bloodstream, inside of kidney and
bloodstream)?<br>
</p>
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<img width="282" src="respitorySystem.png" height="333">
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<p class="firstp">
Use the model below to explore how surface area affects the
diffusion of substances across a boundary. The line separates the
model into two equal halves. <strong>Change the surface area
(longer line means larger surface) and time how long it takes the
model to reach equilibrium through diffusion.</strong> Hint: It
may be best to determine equilibrium by looking at the
concentration graphs.
</p>
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<span class="style1"><strong>surface area</strong></span><strong><br></strong>
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.....
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<input id="RadioGroup1_1" script="script:mw2d:1:reset; load surface3.mml; set %surfVal 3; script:textbox:3:enablecomponent 6 true; enablecomponent 7 false;" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
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....
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<input id="RadioGroup1_2" script="script:mw2d:1:reset; load surface2.mml; set %surfVal 2; script:textbox:3:enablecomponent 6 true; enablecomponent 7 false;" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
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...
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<input id="RadioGroup1_3" script="script:mw2d:1:reset; load surface1.mml; set %surfVal 1; script:textbox:3:enablecomponent 6 true; enablecomponent 7 false;" name="RadioGroup1" type="radio" value="radio">
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..
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How does surface area affect diffusion rates?
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Surface area has no effect on diffusion rate.
Smaller surface area = faster diffusion rate.
Larger surface area = slower diffusion rate.
Larger surface area = faster diffusion rate.
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Single-celled organisms absorb everything they need directly through
their "skin," their cell membrane. However, you could never get enough
oxygen if oxygen could only diffuse through your skin. Explain why it is
necessary to have lungs with large surface areas:
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