UTF-8Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport: Dynamic equilibrium.244245239111org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.03010105<html>
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<strong>Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport:</strong> Dynamic
equilibrium.
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false11org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.085101015<html>
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What is equilibrium and how does it relate to diffusion?
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Nature always tends to move toward equilibrium. It's a state of balance
where energy is minimized and concentrations remain constant.
Equilibrium at the atomic level is dynamic, with atoms and molecules in
continual motion. In the diffusion model below you can set up various
situations such that the concentrations inside and outside of the cell
are either out of equilibrium or in equilibrium.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Try some different combinations and see if you can tell when the
model reaches equilibrium.</strong> (Hint: You may need to wait for a
few minutes, and use the graphs to help you know when equilibrium has
been reached.)
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false110.0org.concord.modeler.PageTextArea325200<html>
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Define equilibrium, in your own words.
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<p class="question">
Which of the following are TRUE?
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trueMolecules stop moving when they reach equilibrium.At equilibrium, concentrations remain constant.Molecules continue to move at equilibrium.Concentrations of molecules are the same everywhere.1 2 3-ff0100Matte110.0org.concord.modeler.text.LineIcon750.045555<html>
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<style type="text/css">
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.style1 { font-size: 10px }
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="bioStyles.css" type="text/css">
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<table style="width: 730" cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0">
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CO<sub>2</sub> concentration
</td>
<td>
<select script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %high;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;" script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left %low;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;" script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Left 0;
select element 1 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;" selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" name="jumpMenu" selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" selfscript1="//do nothing" id="jumpMenu">
<option>none
<option>low
<option>high
</select>
</td>
<td align="right">
CO<sub>2</sub> concentration
</td>
<td>
<select script3="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %high;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;" script2="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right %low;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;" script1="script:mw2d:1:set %co2Right 0;
select element 1 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;" selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" name="jumpMenu" selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" selfscript1="//do nothing" id="jumpMenu">
<option>none
<option>low
<option>high
</select>
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<td rowspan="2" style="width: 155px" align="center">
<input value="run" selfscript="enablecomponent 2 false; enablecomponent 3 true; enablecomponent 0 false; enablecomponent 1 false; enablecomponent 5 false; enablecomponent 6 false;" script="script:mw2d:1:minimize 1 10; set temperature %startTemp; run;" type="submit" name="button" id="button">
  <input value="stop" selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false;" script="script:mw2d:1:stop; set action MARK_ID;" type="submit" name="button2" id="button2"><br><input value="reset" selfscript="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 3 false; enablecomponent 0 true; enablecomponent 1 true; enablecomponent 5 true; enablecomponent 6 true;" script="script:mw2d:1:reset;
// add left carbon dioxide
define %currentNum 0;
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Left);
add atom 1 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add left oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;
// add right carbon dioxide
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %co2Right);
add atom 1 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(1,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
// add right oxygen
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;
set action MARK_ID;" type="submit" name="button3" id="button3">
</td>
</tr>
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<td align="right">
O<sub>2</sub> concentration
</td>
<td>
<select script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %high;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;" script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Left %low;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Left);
add atom 0 (rand()*%lwidth,rand()*%lheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
endwhile;" script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%lx,%ly,%lwidth,%lheight);
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;" selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" name="jumpMenu" selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" selfscript1="//do nothing" id="jumpMenu">
<option>none
<option>low
<option>high
</select>
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<td align="right">
O<sub>2</sub> concentration
</td>
<td>
<select script3="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %high;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;" script2="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right %low;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
while (%currentNum < %o2Right);
add atom 0 (%rx+rand()*%rwidth,%ry+rand()*%rheight);
set %currentNum count(0,%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
endwhile;" script1="script:mw2d:1:set %o2Right 0;
select element 0 within(%rx,%ry,%rwidth,%rheight);
remove;
remove;
if (%number_of_atoms == 0);
external disableStartReset.mws;
endif;" selfscript3="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" name="jumpMenu" selfscript2="enablecomponent 2 true; enablecomponent 4 true;" selfscript1="//do nothing" id="jumpMenu">
<option>none
<option>low
<option>high
</select>
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<span class="style1">When the model is stopped, you can drag the
mouse over one or more molecules to highlight them.</span>
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-92658488110.0org.concord.modeler.PageButtonTake a snapshot of the model abovefalseorg.concord.mw2d.models.MolecularModel0Take a snapshot818.0org.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4371180<html>
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What is true of the concentrations when equilibrium has been reached?
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trueThey will be higher inside the cell.They will be higher outside of the cell.They will reach a minimum inside and outside.They will be the same inside and outside.3-ff0100Lineorg.concord.modeler.PageMultipleChoicetrue4371180<html>
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What is true of the rate at which molecules move into and out of the
cell at equilibrium?
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trueMore move into the cell than out of it.More move out of the cell than into it.Equal amounts move into and out of the cell.They move randomly, so it is not predictable.2-ff0100Line18.0org.concord.modeler.ImageQuestion371300<html>
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Set up the model so that it is <font color="#b7282b">NOT</font> in
equilibrium. Then use the "snapshot" button below the model to take a
picture of your setup. Use the "open" button below to place that image
here.
</p>
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<p class="question">
Set up the model so that it is <font color="#b7282b">IN</font>
equilibrium. Then use the "snapshot" button below the model to take a
picture of your setup. Use the "open" button below to place that image
here.
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