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My report on "Cellular Respiration"
My report on "Cellular Respiration"
Student name: Bethany Grysko
Teacher name: Dr_R_Belton
Class: BI218_Fall2012
School: Northern Michigan University
Submission Time: 11/27/12 10:29 PM
Page 1 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page1.cml
1. How many phosphate groups are part of an ATP molecule?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) none
My answer is (c) (9:37:16 PM)
2. Why does the ATP molecule have a lot of chemical energy?
(a) It is made from phosphates which normally have lots of energy.
(b) The third phosphate has a weak bond to the molecule.
(c) It is very similar to the "A" nucleotide in DNA.
(d) It naturally has more vibrational energy than other molecules.
My answer is (b) (9:37:26 PM)
Page 2 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page2.cml
1. Glycolysis uses up some ATP (when it is a reactant) and makes some ATP (when it is a product). Overall, glycolysis makes more ATP than it uses. How much ATP is made overall? Take the total ATP produced and substract the ATP used.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 6
My answer is (b) (9:37:57 PM)
2. The high energy molecule NADH is also created during glycolysis. The energy in these molecules will be used to make more ATP later. How many NADH molecules are produced during glycolysis?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 6
My answer is (b) (9:38:20 PM)
3. Each NADH molecule produced in glycolysis eventually is used to produced 2 ATP molecules. Given that some ATP is used up, some ATP is produced, and some NADH is produced that eventually becomes ATP, how much ATP overall is produced through glycolysis.
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
My answer is (c) (9:38:59 PM)
4. Glycolysis uses up some high energy molecules and makes some high energy molecules. Overall, does glycolysis use up energy or make more available. How do you know?
This process makes more energy available overall. We know this because the products include left over energy that is not used up in the reaction. (9:40:46 PM)
Page 3 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page3.cml
1. Take a snapshot, and place an image here that shows a REACTANT in the active site of an enzyme. Make sure the reactant is clearly visible. (help?)
(9:44:16 PM)
2. Take a snapshot, and place an image here that shows a PRODUCT in the active site of an enzyme. Make sure the product is clearly visible. (help?)
(9:45:03 PM)
Page 4 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page4.cml
1. How many high energy NADH molecules are produced for each pyruvate in the reactions above?
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 4
My answer is (c) (9:46:10 PM)
2. How many high energy GTP molecules are produced for each pyruvate in the reactions above?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
My answer is (a) (9:46:28 PM)
3. How many high energy FADH2 molecules are produced for each pyruvate in the reactions above?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
My answer is (a) (9:46:44 PM)
4. Assume that each NADH will produce 3 ATP, each GTP will produce 1 ATP, and each FADH2 will produce 2 ATP. How many total ATP can be produced by the high energy molecules created in the Krebs cycle for each pyruvate that enters it?
(a) 11
(b) 15
(c) 30
My answer is (b) (9:47:26 PM)
5. We have seen that glycolysis produces 6 ATPs in the making of two pyruvate molecules from glucose. You have also calculated how many ATPs are produced for each pyruvate that enters the Krebs cycle. How many TOTAL ATPs will be created by breaking down one glucose molecule?
(a) 17
(b) 21
(c) 36
My answer is (c) (9:47:35 PM)
Page 5 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page5.cml
1. Place an image of NADH here:
(9:48:55 PM)
2. Place an image of FAD here:
(9:48:52 PM)
3. Place an image of succinate here:
(9:48:49 PM)
Page 6 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page6.cml
1. Which molecule is carrying electrons with the highest energy?
(a) Water
(b) UQ
(c) NADH
(d) cyt-c
(e) succinate
My answer is (c) (9:49:14 PM)
2. Which molecule is carrying electrons with the lowest energy?
(a) Water
(b) UQ
(c) NADH
(d) cyt-c
(e) succinate
My answer is (a) (9:49:28 PM)
3. Capture an image showing the process of how the decrease in electron energy is converted into an increase in the energy from concentration differences. Annotate your image to highlight important features.
(9:51:11 PM)
4. Pick one protein complex and describe in detail what is happening in your own words.
The NADH complex gives up the hydrogen that results in the process that sets off the kreb cycle process. (9:52:45 PM)
5. What is happening to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons) on both sides of the membrane?
(a) The concentration in the matrix is decreasing.
(b) The concentration in the intermembrane space is decreasing.
(c) The concentration in the matrix is increasing.
(d) The concentration in the intermembrane space is increasing.
(e) Both A and D
My answer is (e) (9:52:57 PM)
6. Describe the connection between the changes in hydrogen ion concentration and the changes in energy due to those concentration changes.
The more hydrogen ions there are the higher the energy. (9:53:43 PM)
Page 7 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page7.cml
1. Which one of these DOESN'T completely shut down the Electron Transport Chain?
(a) stop breathing
(b) cyanaide
(c) rat poison (rotenone)
My answer is (c) (9:55:10 PM)
2. Explain how rotenone affects the Electron Transport Chain.
The rat poision occupies the NADH so that H+ cannot bind to the activated UQ and succinate oxidation builds up. (9:56:52 PM)
3. Capture an image and highlight where cyanide blocks the electron transport chain.
(10:02:25 PM)
4. Explain in detail why cyanide causes death (or serious illness in smaller doses).
The oxygen cannot break its molecular bond to form water. (10:00:35 PM)
Page 8 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page8.cml
1. The Electron Transport Chain creates potential energy by pushing protons to one side of the membrane, increasing the concentration on that side. What eventually happens to that energy? Explain in detail.
This energy can then be used to make ATP by attaching phosphate to ADP. (10:06:44 PM)
2. One kind of poison not discussed on the previous page is a molecule that allows protons to diffuse through the membrane. Why is that a bad thing?
Because then there is not enough energy to form ATP which powers the entire cell. (10:07:21 PM)
Page 9 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/cr/page9.cml
1. Which of the following statments is true regarding the ATP moleucle? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
(a) ATP is made from ADP and phosphate.
(b) ATP is a high energy molecule because of its strong bonds.
(c) Most ATP is directly made in the Electron Transport Chain.
(d) Energy from a high proton concentration is used to make ATP.
My answer is (a) (d) (10:14:07 PM)
2. Which one of the following statements is true regarding energy flow in biological systems?
(a) Energy is constantly being lost.
(b) If energy is lost in one form it is converted to another.
(c) Sometimes energy is lost and sometimes it is gained.
(d) Proton concentrations always go from high to low.
My answer is (b) (10:14:21 PM)
3. Which statement is true of enzymes?
(a) Enzymes are necessary for each step of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
(b) Enzymes are only needed for glycolysis.
(c) Enzymes are only needed for the Krebs cycle.
(d) Enzymes are needed for some steps in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
My answer is (d) (10:15:21 PM)
4. What role does the Krebs cycle play in the making of ATP?
The Kreb Cycle provides the precursers of energy that allow hydrogen ions into the cell that allows for the formation of ATP. (10:16:23 PM)
5. Give an overview of what happens in the Electron Transport Chain and how this leads to the production of ATP.
The the electron transport chain leads to the production of ATP due to the oxidation and reduction of electrons that creates a resevoir of acid protons which is harnessed by ATP syntase that forces phosphate and ADP together in a colvalent bond. (10:16:58 PM)
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