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My report on "Chemical Bonds"
My report on "Chemical Bonds"
Student name: Polly Hockberger
Teacher name: Dr_R_Belton
Class: BI218_Winter_2013
School: NMU
Submission Time: 1/27/13 2:13 AM
Page 1 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page1.cml
1. Which answer best describes electrons when they surround the nucleus of an atom?
(a) They follow circular paths around the nucleus.
(b) They follow ellipitcal paths around the nucleus.
(c) They are found in regions of space that take certain shapes.
(d) They orbit each other while at the same time orbiting the nucleus.
My answer is (c) (1:14:08 AM)
Page 2 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page2.cml
1. Describe why charging walls changes the shape of the orbital.
Electrons are negatively charged and so are attracted by positive charges and repelled by negative charges. The change in wall charge changes the orbital shape due to the change in attracting or repelling forces. (1:16:46 AM)
2. Does the distance between charges have any effect on the shape of the orbital? Support your answer with observations.
The closer the point charge is to the electron the greater the change to the orbital's shape. (1:18:36 AM)
Page 3 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page3.cml
1. Select "Use Another Hydrogen Atom" and drag it around. Which best describes what you see?
(a) The electrons are attracted to each other.
(b) The electrons are attracted to the other atom's nucleus.
(c) The electrons are attracted to both nuclei.
My answer is (c) (1:19:12 AM)
2. A covalent bond is formed when the electrons from two different atoms are considered to be "shared" between the nuclei. Move the two hydrogen atoms close together and explain how this can be a representation of a covalent bond.
As the hydrogen atoms move closer to one another the electrons from each atom are attracted to the nucleus of the second atom. This increased attraction causes each atom's electron orbitals to overlap until they are "shared." (1:22:14 AM)
Page 4 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page4.cml
1. Place your annotated molecule here, showing which part is slightly positive and which part is slightly negative:
(2:08:38 AM)
Page 5 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page5.cml
1. Try setting one atom to have a slightly higher electronegativity than the other. Where do the electrons end up?
(a) Closer to the one with higher electronegativity.
(b) Closer to the one with lower electronegativity.
(c) The electrons are spread evenly.
My answer is (a) (1:28:47 AM)
2. When the electrons end up shifted toward the nucleus of one of the atoms, that causes the surface of the molecule around that atom to be:
(a) slightly positive.
(b) slightly negative.
(c) perfectly neutral.
My answer is (b) (1:31:53 AM)
3. Explain your answers to the two multiple choice questions. Be sure to use the term "electronegativity" correctly in your answer. help
The more electronegative an atom is the stronger its attraction to electrons is. The more electronegative atom in a molecule will exhibit a slightly negative surface charge due to the higher electron density surrounding it. (1:36:37 AM)
Page 6 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page6.cml
1. If you want to make a non-polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (c) (1:37:00 AM)
2. If you want to make an ionic bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (a) (1:37:05 AM)
3. If you want to make a polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities between the atoms should be:
(a) large
(b) moderate
(c) very small
My answer is (b) (1:37:08 AM)
4. What is the approximate numeric difference in electronegativity that divides non-polar from polar? (All answers within a particular range are acceptable.) hint
0.6 (2:13:13 AM)
5. What is the approximate numeric difference in electronegativity that divides polar from ionic? (All answers within a particular range are acceptable.) hint
1.9 (2:13:25 AM)
Page 7 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page7.cml
1. What kind of bond is formed between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (c) (1:44:11 AM)
2. What kind of bond is formed between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (b) (1:44:19 AM)
3. What kind of bond is formed between carbon (C) and carbon (C)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (1:44:25 AM)
4. Experiment with choosing various pairs of elements from different areas of the periodic table to see what kind of bonds are formed. What patterns do you see?
The greater the left to right distance (based on the periodic table) the greater the difference in electronegativity. The greater the vertical distance, the greater the difference in electronegativity. Elecronegativity increases from left to right and from bottom to top. (1:47:42 AM)
Page 8 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page8.cml
1. What kind of bond is formed between carbon (C) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (b) (1:53:49 AM)
2. What kind of bond is formed between hydrogen (H) and carbon (C)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (1:54:04 AM)
3. What kind of bond is formed between nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O)?
(a) non-polar covalent
(b) polar covalent
(c) ionic
My answer is (a) (1:54:15 AM)
Page 9 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page9.cml
1. Place your image of glutamine here showing all polar bonds circled (if any):
(1:58:33 AM)
2. Place your image of phenylalanine here showing all polar bonds circled (if any):
(1:58:44 AM)
3. Which amino acid would be good to use in the part of a protein that spans a cell membrane? Non-polar amino acids work best inside of membranes.
(a) glutamine
(b) phenylalanine
(c) either would work well
My answer is (b) (1:59:11 AM)
4. Explain why you made that choice.
Phenylalanine is non-polar, whereas glutamine is polar. Since non-polar amino acids work best inside of membranes, phenylalanine is the better choice. (2:00:30 AM)
Page 10 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/bondtype/page10.cml
1. Which of the following is NOT a chemical bond between two atoms:
(a) non-polar covalent bond
(b) polar covalent bond
(c) hydrogen bond
(d) ionic bond
My answer is (c) (2:00:40 AM)
2. In a non-polar covalent bond:
(a) electrons are shared evenly
(b) electrons are shared unevenly
(c) one or more electrons are transferred
(d) both B and C can be true
My answer is (a) (2:00:48 AM)
3. Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is the measure of attraction an atom has to electrons. (2:01:54 AM)
4. In a polar covalent bond:
(a) both atoms have the same electronegativity
(b) one atom has a slightly higher electronegativity
(c) one atom has a much higher electronegativity
My answer is (b) (2:00:59 AM)
5. Is water a polar molecule? Describe in detail how you know. Use the electronegativity table to the right to see values for various elements. Be sure to mention electronegativity, the meaning of polarity, the sharing of electrons, and the coloring of the water molecule seen in the diagram.
The difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen is 1.34. Anything greater than .5 is considered polar, so H2O is a polar molecule; the net charge of the molecule is polarized, or not evenly distributed. Because oxygen is the more electronegative atom in the molecule, it will have a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen atoms will have a slightly positive charge as is indicated by the blue and red regions respectively. (2:05:58 AM)
6. To make an ionic bond you would want to pick elements:
(a) from the left side of the periodic table
(b) from the right side of the periodic table
(c) from each side of the periodic table, one from the left and one from the right
My answer is (c) (2:05:58 AM)
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