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The Chemistry of Organic Molecules
The figure above summarises the types of chemical bonds that may occur between two atoms.
Most organic compounds are electrically neutral but certain bonds within a molecule, particularly
the bonds in functional groups, are polar. We will now turn our attention to the effect of bond
polarity on organic reactions.
Increasing Bond Polarity Increase Bond Strength
All chemical reactions involve bond breaking and bond forming. Bond strength is an important
consideration when understanding chemical reactions.
The unequal sharing of the bonding pair of electrons results in additional electrostatic attraction
between the more electronegative atom with partial positive charge, δ+, and the less electronegative
atom with partial negative charge, δ-. This results in greater bond strength between the two nuclei.
Increasing Bond Polarity Increase Susceptibility to Attacks
Because unlike charges attract, the fundamental characteristics of all polar organic reactions
is that the electron-rich sites in one molecule react with electron-poor sites in another molecule.
The more polarised the bond, the more electron-poor the less electronegative atom. This increases
the compounds' susceptibility to reacting with another species.
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